JOURNAL OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT YEAR 2/VOL. 2
On-line ISSN: 2566-2880
Print ISSN: 2566-2872
THE USAGE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN DESTINATION MARKETING: A RESEARCH ON CITTASLOW IN TURKEY
Samet Çevik
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2016.2.07
UDC: 338.487:659.127.4(560)
Abstract: Cittaslow movement as a local development model has become increasingly important all overthe world since 1999. One of the important factor for the sustainability of this movement is communicated with both local residents and destination visitors accurately and conscious way about the principles and the benefits of Cittaslow philosophy and the unique features of the destination. At this point, social media is a key tool in destination marketing for Cittaslow destinations due to its features such as providing a competitive advantage, reaching a global audience, rapid dissemination of information, communicating with consumers. In this regard the study focuses the role of social media in destination marketing. The aim of the research is to determine how and at what level Cittaslow in Turkey use social media in destination marketing. In accordance with this purpose, content analysis technique was used and Facebook was chosen as social media channel. Among 11 Cittaslow in Turkey, 7 Cittaslow destinations (Gökçeada, Halfeti, Perşembe, Seferihisar, Şavşat, Vize, Yalvaç) that have an official municipality Facebook page were included to the research. This destinations’ posts between January 2016 and June 2016 were analysed in terms of content, frequency and interactivity by utilising the categories Hays et al. (2013) created in their study. The findings of this study show that, Seferihisar Municipality uses social media more effectively in terms of content and post frequency but they also reveal that interactivity which is one of the most important features of social media is not adequately heeded by all Cittaslow destinations in Turkey.
Key words: Destination Marketing, Social Media, Facebook, Cittaslow, Turkey
BURNOUT LEVEL OF TOURIST GUIDES: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY
Yalçın Arslantürk, M. Tuna Üner
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2016.2.21
UDC: 380.834-051:159.944.4(560)
Abstract: Burnout syndrome affects the employee performance and therefore service quality of a company. Especially, when it comes to tourism-related labour, in this case tour guides, pivotal interface in tourism industry, it is of great importance to examine the extent of burnout in an occupation which not only depends on physical strength but intellectual as well. Although the subject of burnout has well been documented and examined in other occupations, to date, there has been no single study into the burnout level and the concept of burnout with specific reference to tour guides. On the other hand, since the issue of Law on Tourist Guide Occupation in 2012, tour guides, recognized by TUREB (Union of Tourist Guides’ Chamber) have become an obligatory part of package tours. This stipulates that tourist guides have to be licenced subsequent to training programs and packaged tours have to be attended by licenced tourist guides. This study was conducted to determine the burnout level of tourist guides. Following a comprehensive examination of the literature on burnout syndrome and tour guiding, this paper goes on with the method part. As data collection instrument, Copenhagen Burnout Inventory has been employed in this study. The number of the participants is 248 licenced tourist guides registered in Ankara Tourist Guides’ Chamber. The data gathered were analysed through statistical software packages and the results indicated that emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment in terms of sub-dimensions were found to have lower levels of burnout. In addition, rather than the personality factors, the burnout level was found out to be affected by work-related factors. Hence, it is suggested that organizational and job-related measures should be taken in order to decrease the level of burnout in tourist guides.
Key words: occupational burnout, tourist guide, Copenhagen Burnout Inventory
THE MOTIVATIONS TO PARTICIPATING TREKKING ACTIVITIES: ADANA CASE
Erdinç Balli, Meltem Canoğlu
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2016.2.36
UDC: 338.48-51:005.583.1(560 Adana)
Abstract: The aim of this study is to determine the profile of the trekking participants and their motivation for participating to trekking activities, which is a kind of nature- based and adventure tourism. Questionnaire technique has been utilized as the data gathering method and for this purpose „Recreation Experience Preference Scale‟, has been used in this study. The sample consists of 324 individuals participated to the trekking within nature- based activities associations in Adana,
Turkey. Descriptive statistic methods are used for evaluations and representation of data. As a result of this study we found that majority of the participants are male (% 53,7), between 35-44 years old (% 30,6), married (% 51,2), graduated from university (% 64,8) , have been attending for 1-5 years (%41,7), participate to trekkings 3 or 4 times a year (%41,7), and usually prefer to joint the activities with friends (% 60,8). The results of survey also show that the first ten reasons to motivate the individuals to participate to trekking are; “physical rest, slow down mentally, tranquility,escape role overloads, escape daily routine, escape crowds, exercisephysical fitness, independence, privacy and nostalgia”.
Key words: Trekking, nature-based tourism, tourist motivation
ANALYSIS OF OPINIONS AND ATTITUDES OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES AND TOURISTS ON THE QUALITY OF TOURISM SUPPLY AT THE VRANICA MOUNTAIN
Amra Banda, Amina Sivac, Vesna Babić-Hodović, Maja Arslanagić-Kalajdžić
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2016.2.44
UDC: 338.48:502.131.1(497.6 Vranica)
Abstract: Bosnia and Herzegovina was a symbol of winter tourism in the former Yugoslavia, and it still has a significant tourism potential due to its rich natural and cultural heritage, advantageous of
geographical position and proximity to the emissive tourist markets. Mountain Vranica is a popular tourist destination that provides many opportunities for the development of various forms of tourism throughout the whole year. Vranica includes central parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina and belongs to the area of the Central Dinarides, as a part of so called Vranica rayon. The variety and attractiveness of the geological structure, relief, hydrological phenomena, flora and fauna, as well as the attractiveness of the landscape, are the primary factors for the development of tourism in this area. However, despite the significant tourism potential, tourism is insufficiently recognized in this area. The aim of this paper is to determine the characteristics of tourism trends, the impact of tourism development on the local community, as well as differences in the perception of tourist motives of Vranica by the local community and tourists. The research is based on an analysis of the results of direct surveys conducted during 2016 at multiple locations on Vranica, on a sample of 210 tourists and residents (106 local residents and 104 tourists). The survey included respondents older than 18 years and statistical analysis was conducted in SPSS. Its results can be used for better identification of visitors’ profile, and as a starting point in conception of tourist supply of higher quality in the future, with greater integration of local communities and residents’ opinion in the process of tourism planning of this area.
Key words: Vranica, tourism supply, tourists, local communities, tourism development
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACTS AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT: A CASE STUDY IN THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY
Hakan Koç, Yalçın Arslantürk
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2016.2.65
UDC: 338.46[174.7:006.87](560)
Abstract: Tourism industry in Turkey has been increasing rapidly since the 2000s, especially in hospitality. It has been argued that the development of the industry depends largely on employees’ behavior. To understand how employees feel in terms of organizational behavior, it is necessary to refer and examine term of organizational commitment. Psychological contract reflects the belief system of employees to mutual responsibility and obligation between individuals and organizations. There are obvious links between the nature of the psychological contract and the individual’s commitments to the organization. This study aims to measure the relationship between psychological contracts and organizational commitment in hospitality establishments. Through this aim, the hypothesis of the study is given below. There is a significant relationship between psychological contracts and organizational commitment in establishments. The data was collected from 375 employees of 10 establishments in Ankara in Turkey. But 340 observations were just used to analyze because of technical problems. Questionnaires consist of 3 parts. The first part has some descriptive information about characteristics of participants. In the second part, there are “psychological contracts questionnaire” for 21 different items. In the last part, there are “organizational commitment questionnaire” for 15 different items. The results of the analyses suggest that there is a negative relationship between psychological contract and organizational commitment. Perception level of psychological contract of the employees with bachelor degree is more positive than the high school degree and lower degrees. Perception level of organizational commitment of the employees with bachelor degree graduate is more positive than the high school degree and the lower degrees. It is remarkable that the employees who work at the food & beverage department have most negative perception about psychological contracts and organizational commitment.
Key words: psychological contract, organizational commitment, hospitality industry
MEMORIAL TOURISM IN CROATIA? A CASE STUDY OF VUKOVAR: ATTITUDES OF LOCAL POPULATION
Klara Vukojević, Vuk Tvrtko Opačić
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2016.2.73
UDC: 338.483:726.825(497.5 Vukovar)
Abstract: Croatian tourism supply is mainly based on Sun&Sea tourism on the attractive coast and islands. However, in recent years there has been increased competition and the tourists’ demands that have contributed to development of alternative forms of tourism, also in continental part of Croatia. The city of Vukovar, as the battlefield of one of the largest battles in Europe after the World War II, after its peaceful reintegration in the Croatian territory (1997), became the Croatian national memorial place. Even though tourism is not among the leading economy branches in Vukovar, due to its recent past, memorial tourism based on memorial sites from the Croatian Homeland War (1991-1995) could be developed. Memorial tourism is a form of cultural tourism with a supply based on memorial sites - places of important events, in this case the places of suffering and tragedies. As main research objectives can be pointed out: a) the analysis of the characteristics of tourist flow and accommodation facilities in Vukovar after the end of the Croatian Homeland War and its reintegration into the Croatian territory and b) analysis of the Vukovar local population’ attitudes on the possibilities of the development of memorial tourism based on heritage from the Croatian Homeland War. The local population attitudes were detected by a direct questionnaire survey at several locations in the center of Vukovar. In addition to descriptive statistics, statistical analyses were conducted to determine the differences in the respondents’ attitudes (the dependent variable) with regard to gender, average age, level of education and nationality (independent variables). Total of eight statistically significant differences were found using standard statistical methods in SPSS program: chi-square test and t-test.
Key words: heritage, Croatian Homeland War, memorial tourism, dark tourism, memorial site, tourism development, Vukovar, Croatia
CONSUMERS’ POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE REVIEWS TOWARDS LOCAL FOOD EXPERIENCES: THE CASE OF RESTAURANTS IN GAZIANTEP CITY ON TRIPADVISOR.COM
Caner Çalişkan, Hülya Yeşilyurt, Ozan Güler, Seçkin Kodal
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2016.2.90
UDC: 338.48-6:641(560 Gaziantep)
Abstract: Local flavor managements are the essential components of vacation and destinations. Most of the tourists taste local food and beverages that presents local culture during their vacations and tell these experiences to the people around them. At this point, one of the efficient ways for
transferring these food and beverage experiences is the social media. Today, through social media which reaches to an important number of users, many individuals share their gastronomy experiences with their friends and others and form references with their positive or negative comments. Within this study, by using this important sharing world that internet provides as a starting point, the users’ social media comments on food and beverage managements in Gaziantep, the city which is included in UNESCO Creative Cities Network from Turkey, was aimed to be searched. Under this scope, 1462 comments belong to the top 7 food and beverage managements in Gaziantep, on interactive forums of TripAdvisor which is an important travelling web-site were analyzed. According to the results, managements’ food and beverage qualities and service qualities got the most positive comments whereas most negative comments were done on atmospheres and prices within these managements.
Key words: Local Flavor, Food and beverage managements, TripAdvisor, Gaziantep
WINE TOURISM AND AN EXAMINATION ON WINE TOURISTS’ PREFERENCES AT KULA DESTINATION
Gürkan Akdağ, Abdoulaye Garba Bako, Kamil Yağci
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2016.2.107
UDC: 338.48-6:642(560 Kula)
Abstract: This study aims to determine overall profile characteristics of wine tourists who are visiting Kula destination and reveal their points of views on wine tourism. Findings of the study indicate that wine tourists generally are well educated, have high income and belong to middle or higher age groups. Other findings reveal that wine tourists are willing to travel long distances in order to have a wine tourism experience and they have plenty of leisure time besides not having monetary issues. On the other hand wine tourists’ interest in wines generally show a long term relationship and travels towards wine tourism are quite preferred touristic activities by wine tourists. Furthermore, wine tourists are found out have a sophisticated palate. Results of the study support previous studies of the national and international literature. Attitudes and profile characteristics of wine tourists who are visiting Kula destination show similar properties which are towards different wine destinations. Finally, it is found out those wine tourists who are visiting Kula have little knowledge on the destination prior to their travel and they were expecting inferior supply elements regarding wine tourism at Kula destination before their visit. However their perceptions towards Kula changed in a positive manner after their experience.
Key words: Wine tourism, wine tourists, Vineyards, Kula destination
CROSS BORDER COOPERATION BETWEEN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA AND SERBIA IN THE CASE OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN MUNICIPALITIES OF MIDDLE PODRINJE
Senada Nezirović, Aida Bidžan-Gekić, Boris Avdić, Haris Gekić
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2016.2.121
UDC: 338.484[35.072.2:341.222](497.6:497.11)
Abstract: It is widely recognized today that tourism with all of its impacts penetrates in every segment of social and economic development of many modern countries. Tourism has emphasized direct, indirect and multiplicative effects on economic development. That is the reason for increasingly high attention to him in a racent years, especially in the aspect of its contribution to comprehensible regional and national development. This paper object is the cross border cooperation between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia in the case of tourism development in the municipal areas of Višegrad, Srebrenica, Bratunac and Zvornik on the Bosnian side of the border, and municipalities of Bajina Bašta, Ljubovija and Mali Zvornik on the eastern bank of Drina River (Serbian side). River Drina has central location in Western Balkans, hydrographically belonging to the drainage basins of Sava and Danube rivers. Its drainage basin connects areas of Eastern Bosnia and Western Serbia. The aim of this paper is tourism resources analysis and their delimitation between two countries. For the purpose of tourism resources delimitation, tourism-geographical and economic concepts are examined and used for determination of dominant motives. Guidelines for more effective coordination in the multiple mutual issues in the context of tourism development at the level of cross border cooperation, establishment of tourism destinations of mutual interests, as well as achievement of more effective comprehensible economic development of both countries are given in this paper.
Keywords: tourism resources, tourism development, cross border cooperation.
UNESCO CREATIVE CITIES OF GASTRONOMY: A GLIMPSE ON UNESCO CREATIVE GASTRONOMY CITIES OF TURKEY AND SPAIN
Ozan Güler, Sandra Maria Sanchez-Canizares, Celil Çakıcı
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2016.2.134
UDC: 338.48.6:641(560+460)
Abstract: The UNESCO Creative Cities Network (UCCN) was created in 2004 to promote cooperation with and among cities that have identified creativity as a strategic factor for sustainable urban development, social inclusion and cultural vibrancy. Today, UCCN is comprised of 116 cities from 54 countries worldwide, where the cities distinguish themselves within their seven creative fields including Crafts and Folk Art, Design, Film, Gastronomy, Literature, Media Arts and Music. This study aims to contribute the debate over the “world gastronomy cities” concept within the scope of The UNESCO Creative Cities Network. Study provides an overview on a fashion topic “gastronomy cities” on a basis of the destination and food branding strategies. Furthermore, UNESCO creative gastronomy cities of Turkey and Spain which compete in the international tourism market and have similar food culture deriving from Mediterranean cuisine have been investigated. As a result, Gaziantep (Turkey), Dénia and Burgos (Spain) were introduced in the scope of their gastronomic prosperousness and distinctiveness. Similarities and differences with regard to cities’ food culture were handled and proposals for were drawn to the reader’s attention.
Key words: UNESCO Creative Cities Network, Creative Gastronomy Cities, Food Branding, Turkey, Spain
EVALUATION OF TOURIST MOTIVES/ ATTRACTIONS IN SARAJEVO TOURISM DESTINATION
Lejla Žunić
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2016.2.151
UDC: 338.48-6:111.4(497.6 Sarajevo)
Abstract: Sarajevo is the most important cultural and tourism center of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1/3 of the total national tourism). It hasvery valuable tourism motives (natural and anthropogenic). Statistical indicatorsshows a positive trend of tourism development during the last decade. It is therefore very important to analyze tourist motives and their importance for the development of tourism. Tourist motives are the main supply holders. The significance of a motive is determined by various criteria which in most cases involve the assessment of several elements: attractiveness, rarity, usefulness and accessibility. However, the tourism value of motives is largely reflected through impressions of tourists. Travel experience is especially important element of tourism which affects the affirmation of destinations in the world and encourages tourism trends. The research problem is the identification and evaluation (valorisation) models of motives in Sarajevo determining their significance.The research is quantitative and qualitative. Research methods are: general-theoretical (analysis and synthesis,comparing, classification);empiric (field work and observation, survey, measuring);identification, evaluation, Likert method. The aim of the paper is to determine the actual tourism value of the motives for better planning of tourism supply. Of particular importance are the results of tourist assessments of the motives because the ultimate goal is to achieve the satisfaction of tourists and positive echo of the destination in the world. Therefore motives such as Bascarsija, Tunnel of Hope, Springs of river Bosnia and Bijambare should take leadership role in Sarajevo tourism planning and development of tourism destination.
Key words: Sarajevo tourism destination, motives/ attractions, tourism supply, importance of tourism, tourist impression, evaluation, tourism planning, development of tourism
IDENTIFICATION, CLASSIFICATION AND VALORIZATION OF TOURIST MOTIVES OF THETH (THETH) VALLEY
Qerim Kastrati
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2016.2.169
UDC: 338.48-6(496.5Theth)
Abstract: The subject of this scientific work is the identification, classification and valorization of tourist motives of Theth Valley and their spatial distribution. Executed valorisation of tourist motives of Theth Valley and finding their real value with the purpose is based on the scientific assumption that in the Theth Valley there are insufficiently explored tourist motifs that have a high tourism value and that the scientific process of identification and valorization would raise the competitiveness of tourism in this region. In the implementation of the set of scientific research objectives were realized the following tasks:analysis of available literature and cartographic data and theoretical identification and classification of tourist motives, field observations and collection of additional data and accompying photo documentation. Several methods were used, such as analysis and synthesis, comparative, descriptive statistical, UNWTO method, the method of „Interpersonal consent“ and others. On the Theth Valley were identified 29 tourism motives. With the procedure of tourist and geographical evaluation the Theth Valley has an overall tourism value of 4.30 and is ranked in the motives of national tourist interest. This region offers very good conditions for the development of these forms of tourism: mass winter tourism, eco-tourism, sightseeing and recreational tourism, hiking, hunting, health tourism and others. Tourist valorization in the Valley of Theth, shows that all the analyzed values of tourist motives are unique, and its uniqueness and attractiveness have a national character with high value for uniqueness and attractiveness, the ambience and the possibility of using motives for tourism purposes and others.The results of this work will lead to raising awareness on the preservation of these motifs in order to improve conditions for the development of cultural tourism in this region, and create the already rich tourist offer and also promote the heritage and indigenous culture in this region.
Key words: identification, classification and valorization, Theth.
IDENTIFYING THE ALTERNATIVE TOURISM POTENTIAL OF THE LAGOONS OF ÇUKUROVA DELTA
Erdinç Balli, Ayşe İpek Koca Balli
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2016.2.182
UDC: 338.484:551.468.3(560.8)
Abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the tourism potential of the Lagoons of Çukurova Delta and their surroundings, and identify the different types of alternative tourism activities that could be possible in the region. To this end, the relevant literature was reviewed and observations were conducted in the region. In addition, SWOT analysis was used to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the region, in terms of alternative tourism, as well as opportunities and threats. According to the results, (1) botanical tourism, (2) birdwatching, (3) photo safaris, (4) wildlife observation, (5) trekking, (6) landscape viewing and (7) camping were identified as the major types of alternative tourism activities feasible in the region.
Key words: Destination planning, SWOT analysis, Çukurova Delta, tourism
LOOKING AT MONUMENTAL STRUCTURES FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF HISTORICAL HERITAGE AND TOURISM: THE TOKAT CASE
Barış Ergen, Mustafa Çelik, Zeynep Ergen, Kemal Demir
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2016.2.190
UDC: 338.48:904(560 Tokat)
Abstract: Monumental buildings in a historical environment are of significant value due to their centralized locations, massive scale, and striking features. Monumental buildings also play an important role in the introduction of the city in question. This study examines the tourismoriented viewpoints of the locals in Tokat on monumental buildings as cultural heritage samples. It aims to reveal both the interest of the city-dwellers in tourism, and their positive and negative views on it. The study was based on a face-to-face survey with a total of 200 people conducted in Tokat city center during the months of April and May 2016. An incidental method was used to select the survey participants. The survey was in two parts. The first included questions used to elicit the viewpoints of the locals in Tokat on tourism and tourists. The second part of the survey contained questions about the tourism-directed usage of the monumental buildings in the city, and whether these monumental buildings corresponded with tourism in terms of portraying the city image. As a result, it is observed that Tokat is an important tourist attraction with its historical texture; the locals in the city recognize the significance of tourism and they treat tourists in a hospitable manner. The historical texture and a city’s history are among the most important issues in cultural tourism. Additionally, the monumental buildings are the most significant elements as they reflect the architectural features of the relevant periods.
Key words: Cultural tourism, historical heritage, monuments, Tokat
TOURISTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF „THE SARAJEVO FILM FESTIVAL“ IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Rahman Nurković
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2016.2.197
UDC: 338.48-611(497.6 SFF Sarajevo)
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to show the touristic significance of the Sarajevo Film Festival on development of film and accompanying industry, which would be, at the same time, the best support to promotion of Sarajevo, and the whole country, as one of the most interesting tourist and cultural destinations of South East Europe. Event tourism is among significant branches of the economy that have been recently developing dynamically in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Tourists no longer travel around Bosnia and Herzegovina in order to take photos of some contents. They travel in order to gain a new experience, to be part of some cultural, religious, educational or similar contents. In this context, Sarajevo with the Sarajevo Film Festival has a lot to offer. Touristic significance of the Sarajevo Film Festival on development of local community and tourism is extremely high.
Key words: the Sarajevo Film Festival, Bosnia and Herzegovina, tourism.
THE GRIEF HERITAGE OF THE OTTOMAN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Tülay Polat Üzümcü, İbrahim Çetin, Ersin Uğurkan
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2016.2.206
UDC: 338.483.12:393.7(497.6)(091)
Abstract: The whole of the soceites havehappiness and proudly remembered events in the past, at the same time that has got the period is remembered with pain and sorrow.The grief of that event to visit the places now, search for the traces of the historical background, nationality, religion or community to share the pain of the cultural ties that desire has led to the grief tourism today. Tourism literature; dark, grief, thane, morbid, death, war and so on. grief associated with names tourism, has been used in the marketing of a new type of tourism destinations as a travel motivation.The war in Bosnia-Herzegovina between 1992-1995 year in Europe. That is the greatest human tragedy after the Second World war Indeed, Bosnia and Herzegovina, There was an ethnic cleansing and genocide and 26.02. 2007 International Court of Justice massacres committed against Bosniaks in Srebrenica in Bosnia and Herzegovina has been described as genocide. Although tourism has significant potential, Bosnia and Herzegovina's state system accommodates a problem in terms of griefness tourism. The Bosnian Serb Republic and the grief of local governments in the region in terms of tourism activity seen in front of or opposed to symbolic elements. In this context, our work; primarily related literature scanning, Bosnia and Herzegovina will be given conceptual information about the traces of war, then griefness in the document of Bosnia and Herzegovina tourism centers will be evaluated on the basis of photos and observations. It will also focus on the importance and differences in comparison with the grief came into prominence in world tourism destinations. As a result, Bosnia and Herzegovina, grief tourism potential of putting forward for Bosnia and Herzegovina will be presented recommendations for addressing the importance and contribution.
Key words: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Grief/Dark Tourism, War, Tourism
CULTURAL TOURISM IMPACT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SARAJEVO TOURIST-GEOGRAPHICAL REGION
Aida Bidžan-Gekić, Haris Gekić, Senada Nezirović
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2016.2.223
UDC: 338.483.12(497.6 Sarajevo)
Abstract: In this paper, we will present the hypothesis that cultural tourism can be a factor of tourist development of the Sarajevo tourist-geographical region with consideration of auxiliary hypotheses:
- Sarajevo tourist-geographical region has potential for development of cultural tourism,
- Cultural tourism is a relevant form of tourism which contributes to the sustainability of tourism and
- By cooperation of tourism and cultural sector, adequate and competitive tourist offer of this tourist-geographical region is achieved.
The aim is to point out that cultural tourism promote sustainability which is based on the preservation of and respect for culture receptive community and as a contemporary form of tourism is significant in the development of tourism in Sarajevo tourist-geographical region, and may represent the possibility of recovery and development of the tourist and geographical region. Given that cultural tourism is not recognized as a development strategy of urban policy and that in Bosnia and Herzegovina there is still not enough cooperation between the cultural sector and tourism nor the continuous multi-sectoral cooperation in the field of cultural tourism development, this issue needs to be realized in the future.
Key words: cultural tourism, Sarajevo tourist-geographical region, tourism development
RECEPTIVE CULTURAL FACTORS OF SARAJEVO TOURISM DESTINATION
Lejla Žunić
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2016.2.238
UDC: 338.483.12(497.6 Sarajevo)
Abstract: Sarajevo tourist destination has a favorable tourist-geographical position because it is located on an important European tourist corridor used by Central European tourist clientele to circulate towards the Adriatic Sea. At the same time, Sarajevo is the capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina and therefore is the most important geographic, geotraffical, political, cultural and tourist center (1/3 of total tourism in Bosnia &Herzegovina). The destination of Sarajevo has an extremely valuable tourism potential (natural and anthropogenic) but according to statistical indicators in the last decade it has had a positive trend of tourism development (moderate to high rates of increase in the number of tourists and overnight stays, accommodation, etc.). It is therefore very important to analyze the receptive cultural factors of tourism: serviceability and content of the tourist stay. These factors largely affect the attractiveness of a destination and its sustainable tourism development. The problem of the paper is identification and valorisation/ evaluation (assessment) of receptive cultural factors and relevant parameters. The aim of the paper is to identify cultural factors of tourism and thier value important for tourism destination development. Research methods are: analysis, identification, classification, field work, surveys, evaluation, Likert method, synthesis. Field work includes: observations, surveys, interviews and other methods of data collection (from relevant institutions). The survey included more than 200 subjects (tourism employers and employees, tourists, tourist carriers) and it allowed to come to important insights regarding the evaluation of receptive cultural factors of Sarajevo tourism. These factors have a favorable tourist value and represent an important predisposition for planning and development of tourism in the destination of Sarajevo.
Key words: tourism destination, receptive cultural factors, identification, evaluation, tourism development
A PROPOSAL TO EXPAND TOURISM REVENUES TO LOCALS; CITY ACTIVITY PLAN AND THE SAMPLE OF ERZURUM
Süleyman Toy, Uğur Çalişkan
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2016.2.250
UDC: 338.485:005.337-054(560 Erzurum)
Abstract: Through an accurate decision for planning, investment and promotion, tourism can affect positively, directly, rapidly and sustainably the socioeconomic development of a nation, region, province and local destination. In order to achieve national tourism targets not only in the number tourists but also in revenue, activities are needed to lengthen stay periods and increase revenues. Such activates are only possible through mainly the touristic products attracting and integrating with all tourism types and presenting local and native cultural elements, emphasizing uniqueness and accurateness. Such activities may increase tourist satisfaction, the share locals get from revenues, the adoption rate of tourism by locals and their pleasure. Erzurum has faced in recent years some slight increase in the number pf tourist due to various types of tourism potentials e.g. winter, history – culture, nature – adventure and health and well – being. Nearly 50 thousand foreign and 340 thousand domestic tourists visit the city staying only one or two days. In order to increase the contribution of tourists to the city, length of their stay should be increased. Therefore, preparation and implementation of a city activity plan through the participation of all local actors including mainly municipalities. Maybe, only a simple plan involving pilot activities is planned. As in all parts of Anatolia, Erzurum city shelters several values to serve as touristic products. Local authorities and responsible institutions should work together in a coordination and try to implement the activity plan in a great care.
Key words: tourism revenue, event, Erzurum
TURKISH REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES AND TOURISM SECTOR
Uğur Çalişkan, Süleyman Toy
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2016.2.256
UDC: 338.46:332.14(560)
Abstract: Turkish planned development efforts are not new but it is achieved by following other developments introduced in especially western countries. Turkish regional development policies experienced a breakthrough after early 2000s, when the country stepped forward to accept European Union policies in which mainly the statistical units are classified (NUTS) to collect data to be used to make policies. As the result of accepting such a policy, Turkey also formed statistical units all over the country in 2002 and established regional development agencies in 26 NUTS II regions in a period beginning from 2006 to 2010 to accelerate regional development and to reduce the regional developmental differences by energizing the local potentials. Among the duties of these RDAs are the preparation of regional plans, strategies, and financial support programs and they count tourism sector as crucial for the development of their region. In the present study, the importance of tourism sector for the development of the regions where the agencies work and regional plans were prepared in coordination with all partners is evaluated. In this respect, the performance of RDAs related to implemented grant programs is examined by considering and analyzing the content of their financial supports. In conclusions, the spatial alleviation of financial support and some feedbacks for national, regional and inter-regional tourism policies are provided.
Key words: Tourism, NUTS II Regions, Regional Development Agencies, Regional Development Plans, Financial and Technical Support
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN SPATIAL PLANNING AND SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: CASE STUDY OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Amina Sivac, Aida Korjenić, Ševkija Okerić, Amra Banda
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2016.2.262
UDC: 338.484[502.131.1:711.1](497.6)
Abstract: Spatial planning is an important concept for identifying the benefits of the tourism for tourist destinations, but also for environment and local communities. Even though that spatial planning and tourism are often perceived as two separate concepts, they are in fact, greatly interrelated. Natural resources, social infrastructure, population and its activities form the basis of spatial planning so they are inseparable from tourism. Tourism infrastructure and activities take place in a certain localities, so they have a spatial character, therefore tourism planning must be integrated in the spatial planning process at all levels. On the other hand, tourism is often perceived as a primary income generator for the members of local community in many countries, including Bosnia and Herzegovina in the last few years. This paper analyses the role and importance of spatial planning for the development of sustainable tourism concept. Bosnian legislation system regarding spatial planning and tourism should be improved in general, but especially in terms of sustainability. For this reason, a model for sustainable tourism development in Bosnia and Herzegovina is proposed. The aim of the article is to determine how to integrate spatial planning to sustainable tourism development and to decide the possible pathways within sustainable tourism development. The model considers all levels, from national to local. This model could be used to deal with all aspects of planning, such as policies, strategies, spatial decisions, building structuring, density, tourist site planning and design of tourists' objects and infrastructure.
Key words: spatial planning, tourism planning, sustainable development, tourism, Bosnia and Herzegovina
THE AIRPORT SERVICE QUALITY: CASE STUDY SARAJEVO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
Vedrana Vikić Musić, Almir Peštek
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2016.2.280
UDC: 338.48:651.71(497.6 Sarajevo)
Abstract: Every successful company focuses business policy on the quality of service and customer satisfaction. The level of quality services provided and the level of customer satisfaction are among the main determinants of the profitability of service companies, including airports. Absence of research and valid data regarding airport service quality in Bosnia and Herzegovina, including Sarajevo Airport was the key motive for this paperwork. Without having this data/information airport management is not able to manage successful service quality and achieve passenger satisfaction.
The intention of this study is to provide a deeper insight into needs of modern passenger through the analysis of theoretical information and through customer research of satisfaction conducted at Sarajevo International Airport. The study was performed by using structured questionnaire (66 questions). Based on the existing literature for research, the authors adapted and expanded the query, used by ACI – AETRA ASQ program. 500 questionnaires were distributed and 440 collected, which makes the response rate of 88%. By the literature analysis and conducted research the most important factors that influence the perception of passengers in terms of service quality at Sarajevo Airport were identified: „check-in“, Internet WIFI, security, foodservices, cleanness and staff hospitality.
The success of the airport depends on how well the airport knows and to what extent satisfies different groups of airport users. This paperwork confirmed the importance of service quality management and customer satisfaction for the long term success of the airport. The results of conducted research at the Sarajevo Airport, also indicate that it is possible to define services which, according to the opinion of passengers, significantly influence the level of satisfaction and perceived quality of provided services and those are the following: „Check-in“, Internet WIFI, airport security, restaurant services, cleanness of passenger terminal and staff hospitality.
Keywords: airport, service quality, passenger satisfaction
CONCEPTS OF TOURISM REGIONALIZATION AND ANALYSIS OF CONTEMPORARY TRENDS OF TOURIST MOVEMENT IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Ranko Mirić, Nusret Drešković, Boris Avdić, Edin Hrelja
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2016.2.293
UDC: 338.482:911.7(497.6)
Abstract: Tourism regionalization is a methodological procedure of determination and classification of homogeneous spatial tourism structures for the purpose of regional and general socio-economic development optimization, as well as rational, sustainable and functional spatial organization and adaptability form the aspect of contemporary trends in tourism. According to geographical concept, tourism region is supposed to emphasize certain motive territoriality (tourism resources) and eventually functionality of tourist traffic, depending whether it is a potential or an activated tourism area. Tourism region is than a spatial unit with potential or activated tourism motives (attractive resources), in which tourism is one of dominant economic activity that has unifying function, while the spatial physiognomy is generally adjusted to that function. In contemporary period, conceptualism in approach to tourism regionalization of national territory inclines toward wide spectrum of approaches, which is a consequence of non harmonized and separate vision of development of tourism activity in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Predominant cause should be sought in political and administrative division of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is recognized as crucial limiting factor that affects on multiple problems for more dynamic development of tourism sector according to existing resources and potentials. Besides the review of tourism regionalization concept, this paper deals with issues of certain elements of tourist traffic in contemporary context, through the quantitative parameters of dynamic and static indicators, by application of comparative analysis of temporal series.
Key words: tourism, Bosnia and Herzegovina, regionalization, trends in tourism
SPATIAL PLANNING OF MOUNT VLAŠIĆ TOURIST DESTINATION
Ranko Mirić, Nusret Drešković, Edin Hrelja, Adnan Efendić
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2016.2.304
UDC: 338.484:711.1(497.6 Vlašić)
Abstract: The main purpose of the mountain ski centers is to meet the needs of recreation and psychophysical rest. This requires large space advantage, despite the existence of various infrastructure, environmental and socio-psychological advantage that would allow recovery of human organism. However, due to the system disorganization these facilities are very often largely usurped so that their original role is ignored. One of the biggest problems for the future tourism development of Mount Vlašić is inadequate land management, which has resulted in the construction of a large number of illegal facilities that contribute to the physical and ecological burden of the mountain. Through the paper current situation on Vlašić will be assessed, and presented natural characteristics, resources and potentials, as well as the cultural heritage of the study area. Also, analysis of the current area usage, planning organization and the environment will be carried out, applying new methodological approaches in the planning and management of space, through the significant usage of GIS. Space organization and arrangement are viewed from the aspect of natural resources exploitation emphasising tourism development and the construction of sports, recreation and other infrastructure systems. Main problem, is the fact that when planning the development of tourism and tourism infrastructure in the ski center Vlasic, carrying capacity, which will be, among other things, presented in the work was not taken into consideration.
Key words: spatial planning, tourist destination, environment, carrying capacity, ski center, Vlašić