JOURNAL OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY AND MANAGEMENT YEAR 1/VOL. 1
On-line ISSN: 2566-2880
Print ISSN: 2566-2872
SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE'S TOURISM IN TIME AND SPACE RETROSPECTIVE - AN INSIDER'S VIEW
Anton Gosar
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.25
UDC: 991.3:338.48(497.1:4.1-12)(091)
Abstract: South-Eastern Europe was, at the beginning of the modern-day tourism, in the 1960’s, a well-defined area of states. With the exception of Greece, all had communistic governments. Yugoslavia decided to open borders, invite tourists and enrich their hard currency income. According to UNWTO Yugoslavia was in 1980’s listed among the 10 most visited countries of the world. Through the eyes and experiences of a tour operator and academician, the paper will elaborate on tourism characteristics in three time-frames: 1.) in the historically unified space; 2.) in the contemporary fragmented space and 3.) in the post-industrial globalized space. Personal impressions will be enriched with results of own research and from young scientists’ mentorship. The Fall of the Iron Curtain, the strive for national/ethnic sovereignty, the inclusion of most of the East-European periphery into the EU, the uprising of the middle class in some Euro-Asian and Latin American countries, the change of the air travel mode, the growing cruising industry, the experience thirsty and adrenalin searching population and the health- and environment conscious social groups have again made the tourist destination South-Eastern Europe a territory worth to discover. The fragmented space of the former Yugoslavia is divided into 7 nation-states, crisscrossed by approximately 6326 km of semi-open, often not defined borders where on approximately 252 border crossings tourist must identify himself and declare custom goods. Despite it, will most countries in 2015 of the region report best economic results of the tourism industry ever. In addition to the pull-effect for the Europeans – namely the warm waters of the Mediterranean - sightseeing tourism of Asians is enriching outstanding features of cultures and nature. Historical capitols and towns, countries’ outstanding natural specifics, and dominant cultural sites register Asian visitors near the top of the foreign nation’s tourist list. The future of the region for the tourism industry lies in the promotion of cross-border development and in the increase of the awareness of sustainable development of tourism industries’ complexity. Tourism development can only be tolerated to an extent where it would not kill the inviting nature, the authentic culture and itself. Regulating millions of visitors in protected sites of nature and UNESCO heritage places is the task for tourism developers of the future.
Key words: former Yugoslavia, tourism geography, timeframes, cross-border- / sustainable development.
HUNTING TOURISM IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Rahman Nurković
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.41
UDC: 338.48-52:799.2(497.6)
Abstract: The paper analyzes the hunting tourism as a factor of economic development in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This paper analyzes the main resources for development of hunting tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina, it examines the basic characteristics, points to the problem of its development, examines the trends of hunting tourism and makes recommendations with a view to the future development of tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina. There was used a theoretical approach based on local and foreign literature, it analyzes strategic documents, examines the empirical material, analyzes the existing data on income, and it carries out the primary research through personal interviews with relevant people. This paper reports the research pointing to the existing potentials for development of hunting tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina where they are not sufficiently exploited. Hunting tourism is an additional income for the local population as well as for the local communities as a whole. Hunting tourism is also a major source of income of hunting societies and organizations that deal with it in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Key words: hunting tourism, wildlife, economic development, Bosnia and Herzegovina
FLOOD MANAGEMENT IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA: ROLE OF REMOTE SENSING AND GIS
Branislav Drašković
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.49
UDC: 910.2[556.166:528.83](497.6)
Abstract: The worst flooding that ever hit Bosnia was in May 2014. The official estimates indicate that over 1.5 million people were affected in Bosnia and Serbia after a week of flooding. The assessments of the damage in Bosnia go up to €2billion of euro. The loss in floods is estimated 5 to 10% of GDP (as per WorldBank estimate). The effective floodplain management is a combination of the corrective and preventative measures for reducing flood damage. These measures require integrating data from a variety of sources, including zoning, subdivision, or building requirements, and the special-purpose floodplain ordinances.There are varieties of tools to generate a flood forecasting model to identify the potentially affected zones, so as to prioritize for remediation or the damage assessment. Furthermore, it is possible to analyze the time-related data and to explore trends and phenomena, to conduct the historical analysis and ―what–if‖ scenarios, and to track and monitor events such as excessive rainfall, track water levels, etc. Bosnia is just starting to develop these tools and methods and this could be the way to improve capability to tackle such natural disasters. This paper describes some applications of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in identifying flood hazard zones and flood shelters and are therefore important tools for planners and decision makers. The purpose is to describe a simple and efficient methodology to accurately delineate flood inundated areas, flood-hazard areas, and suitable areas for flood shelter to minimize flood impacts.
Key words: Floods, Management, Bosnia, Remote Sensing, GIS
HUNTING TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE TUZLA CANTON
Senada Nezirović
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.58
UDC: 338.48-52:799.2(497.6TK)
Abstract: The research of the development of hunting tourism in the Tuzla Canton is basically reduced to the need of establishing effective coordination of tourism development at the cantonal level as well as the region of north-eastern Bosnia, connecting tourist destinations on a number of common development issues, and achieving higher levels of overall economic development. The Tuzla Canton has the natural resources that can be used throughout the year. The area is characterized by a pleasant climate and excellent biogeographic characteristics. The mountains have preserved flora and fauna. In the forests of Ozren, Trebavac, Majevica, Konjuh, Javornik and along rivers' valleys, there are wild game, which is an important resource and a base for hunting tourism. The hunting grounds in the Tuzla Canton are divided into social and state hunting grounds. The aim of this paper is to show the possibilities for the development of hunting tourism as a factor of economic development of the Tuzla Canton and surroundings. Methodology of the research demanded field and cabinet work. Besides the literature, for the development of this paper, there were used planning documents, maps, field drawings, and statistical indicators that were processed by modern geographic methods including also GIS technology. By identifying the entire area, rich hunting grounds in the area of the Tuzla Canton were introduced, whereat the guidelines were given in the further development of hunting tourism and the creation of the position of the Tuzla Canton as a significant tourist destination.
Key words: hunting, development, the Tuzla Canton
THERMAL MINERAL WATER AS A NATURAL POTENTIAL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPA TOURISM IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Mevlida Operta, Amra Banda
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.67
UDC: 338.48-6:628.036.4(497.6)
Abstract: Bosnia and Herzegovina is rich in natural resources, among which the most important are mineral, thermal and thermo-mineral waters. Heterogeneous and complex geological tectonics of Bosnia and Herzegovina conditioned emergence of the large number of mineral, thermal, thermomineral water springs that have a significant role in health care, spa and recreational tourism. Initiators of spa tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina are spas. Healing power of thermal mineral springs has been recognized since the time of Greeks and Romans. After World War II visiting spas was more frequent, but in the period from 1948. to 1960., spas were treated as medical facilities. In the early 70's, visiting spas was treated as a component of tourism, therefore hotels, restaurants and new rehabilitation centers were built. Modern life has influenced the transformation of the classic spa tourism which is increasingly getting the characteristics of wellness tourism. This paper presents some thermal mineral water in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which are valorized in spas, and registered as medical institutions. Besides them, there are numerous cases of these types of groundwater in our country whose value is still not recognized. Paper also describes problems of spa tourism offer, as well as possible ways of Bosnia and Herzegovina spa destinations improvment.
Key words: Bosnia and Herzegovina, mineral, thermal, thermal-mineral waters, spas, spa tourism
GEOECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF TERRAIN IN NATIONAL PARK UNA
Edin Hrelja, Nusret Drešković, Ranko Mirić, Boris Avdić
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.75
UDC: 911.2:502(497.6 NP Una)
Abstract: This paper has a geoecological evaluation of terrain in National Park Una as its study object. Aim of the research is to clarify how valuable and useful are particular terrain segments for tourism valorization, construction of various objects, certain economic activities etc. Geoecological evaluation of terrain is strongly relevant methodological procedure, which can be used for acquiring of results about real value of particular areas. Paper consists of several parts. First part defines the exact area of exploration and geographic position of National Park Una. Second part is concerned with geomorphological characteristics of explored area and possibilities of its valorization, by detailed analyses of hypsometric facts, angle of slope inclination, vertical articulation and terrain exposition. Geoecological evaluation of terrain is performed in third part, for which purpose a bonity categories are used. Geoecological evaluation of terrain is based on previous geomorphological analysis. Methods used in this paper are: analysis, synthesis, statistical method, cartographic method and GIS analysis. Method of terrain evaluation is also used, through four categories: hypsometric characteristics, angle of slopes, vertical articulation and terrain mobility.
Key words: Geoecological evaluation, GIS, bonity category, National Park Una
ON CLIMATE CHANGE ALARMISM IN TOURISM
Amir Shani
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.84
UDC: 338.48:551.583
Abstract: A state-of-the-art scientific evidence is provided that supports the need of tourism scholars to adopt a critical approach when evaluating the various aspects of climate change. The extent of uncertainties regarding the subject matter does not allow those who study climate change and tourism to dismiss substantial doubts and counterevidence with the usual response about "consensus" or "climate deniers." Human-induced climate change is a phenomenon not yet well understood, and thus advocating greenhouse gas mitigation strategies for the tourism industry is precipitous and likely to inflict enormous costs and involve serious pitfalls.
Key words: Climate change, Global warming, Skepticism.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF URBAN HISTORY FOR URBAN TOURISM RESEARCH AND PRACTICES: THE CASE OF BURSA
Funda Songur
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.93
UDC: 338.48-44:711(091)(560.128)
Abstract: Heritage is the historical result of past interactions. Urban history reveals components of that heritage in the context of a city and helps us to perceive cultural values in their unique connections. Historians have several kinds of references that are used to study urban history. Travelbooks and yearbooks, two of those historical sources, are deliberately emphasised in this study. They introduce not only tangible and intangible cultural heritage of a city as possible tools for sustainability and diversity, but also are essential references in tourism research for particularly historical academic views. Cultural heritage of today together with those lost or almost forgotten can be interpreted through urban history sources within its own methodology but in favour of urban tourism. The outcome is incomparable data for related territory. Besides, it can generate possibilities to enhance not only cliché methods for urban management but also understandings of business leaders. This paper,therefore, underlines distinctive studies of Ottoman Urban History as interdisciplinary input within tourism literature and for possible contributions in improvement of city tourism practices.Urban history studies are considered along with theperception of cultural heritage. The city Bursa is used as a case study in order to exemplify aims of this paper in wider conceptions for urban tourism research and practices. Introduced and evaluatedtravelbooksand yearbooks are hence written about Bursa. Travelbooksare especially chosen from those written by European travellers within nineteenth century. As a result, evaluation also captures perceptions of travellers in mentioned period. Yearbooks of the same era, on the other hand, are also introduced within the concept of urban tourism and cultural heritage.
Keywords: Urban History, Urban Tourism, Cultural Heritage, Bursa, Yearbook (Salnâme), Travelbook (Seyahatnâme).
TRANSLATOR’S ROLE AND CONTRIBUTION TO THE CULTURAL HERITAGE TOURISM
Pelin Şulha
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.107
UDC: 338.483.12:06.053.56-051(560)
Abstract: In a globalizing competitive world, the communicative role of the translator in the tourism sector as a mediator between cultures and languages is essential with respect to the presentation of country‟s remarkable attractions and heritage. This study aims to explore in what ways the production or rewriting of the original text, based on the purpose and the function of the translational activity, enables the full appreciation of the inestimable reminiscences from the past. Turkish texts on two of the historical masterpieces in Istanbul are chosen to compare with their English versions. This analysis is carried out within the frame of Skopos theory which views translation as a cultural act to reveal behavioral patterns specific to the culture under consideration. The validity of the translator‟s decisions depend on not only whether the source content is transferred or not but also the strategy applied, i.e. the skopos of the action in relation to the expectations and needs of the assumed audience precedes the mode of the action and a redefinition of the relevance of certain source textual elements becomes necessary so as to attain a functional transfer (Vermeer 2004; Reiss & Vermeer 2014). In the analysis, it is observed that the translator remains faithful to the source text which means to place the tourist audience on the periphery; for instance, he/she would find it interesting to be informed about the architectural design of the building mentioned in the Turkish text, but he/she would be even more eager to discover the real stories and secrets hidden behind the stone walls, which may be included in the translator‟s narration. One of the aims of translating tourism texts is to represent a country‟s distinctive cultural identity that offers new traditions and opportunities, so there is a leeway for the translator to move away independently from the source text and use his craft to reconstruct a target text more appealing to the tourist.
Key Words: Tourism Texts, Translation Studies, Skopos Theory, Cultural Mediator, Cultural Heritage Tourism
URBAN TOURISM AND CULTURAL TOURISM IN THE CONTEXT OF BELIEF TOURISM: KONYA SAMPLE
Ibrahim Kaynak Kaynak, Tahsin Karabulut
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2016.1.112
UDC: 338.483.12:2(560 Konya)
Abstract: The Anatolia is the ferment, cradle of civilizations and cultures, and a heaven on earth. The yeast of the civilization dough in this cradle has been put at the 10.000's B.C. and has reached up to modern times by a rich, sweet temper, which makes it a rich, generous geographical place and destination. Too many cities in Anatolia are hosting this historical heritage. Konya, is one of the most rooted cities of our Homeland both culturally and industrially. The documents proving that the revolutionary acts of conversion from nomadism, forager into settlement and agricultural life, in the history of humanity, have realized in these lands, have occured during the Konya Çatalhöyük excavation works. Konya which is assumed as the cradle of world civilization today, has an important location in terms of faith history. The Mother Goddess which has formed in Çatalhöyük at 6500‟s B.C., also forms the first cores of paganist religions of the Kybele cult. Konya has also hosted other religions during the historical phase. In this study, by evaluating the belief and cultural values within Konya in terms of Christianity and Islam religions, its contribution onto the Urban Tourism will be discoursed.
Key Words: Anatholian Culture, Çatalhöyük, Urban Tourism, Christianity, Islam
CONTRIBUTIONS OF COUNTRYSIDE RESTAURANTS TO RURAL TOURISM: A MANAGERIAL PERSPECTIVE
Özcan Zorlu, Ali Avan, Seyhmus Demircan
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.119
UDC: 338.48-44:640.4(560-22)
Abstract: With the growing attention on alternative tourism activities and environmental protection, rural tourism has become one of the most attractive tourism typesover the last decade, and many more studies have been conducted in the field of rural tourism development and in all other aspects except the importance of countryside restaurants (CSRs).Nevertheless, we see that only a few studies concerning CSRs exist in the current literature. However, CSRs are an important part of rural tourism with their specific service standards including indigenous food & beverages, high customer satisfaction as a result of individual service and a natural & attractive atmosphere. Thus, the prior aim of this study is to stress the importance of CSRs and how those establishments contribute to the development of rural tourism. Within this scope, the study isconducted on 12 CSRs operating in Muğla and a semi-structured interview technique is used as a part of qualitative analysis. As a result it‟s concluded that CSRs contribute to rural tourism by respecting-protecting and landscaping the nature, by serving local dishes made by indigenous crops, by employing locals and by supplying local foods. Finally, some suggestions are made in order to improve CSRs contribution level and rural tourism development within a managerial perspective.
Keywords: Rural tourism, countryside restaurant, regional development, local dishes.
DO MEMORIAL SITES FROM THE SECOND WORLD WAR POSSESS POTENTIAL FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT – EXAMPLES FROM CROATIA AND BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Snježana Musa, Jasenka Kranjčević, Dario Šakić
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.130
UDC: 338.483:726.825(497.5+497.6)
Abstract: This paper researches memorial sites built in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina in a planned manner to mark the Second World War sufferings or military operations. Most of the analysed sites were planned, designed and built following an urban-architectural competition. All of these sites were designed by the best local planners and artists of the time. Nearly all of them are located in protected natural areas (of varying degrees of protection). Depending on the significance of a particular memorial site at the time, it was planned and constructed as a memorial, educational and/or tourist centre with numerous recreational and accommodation facilities, restaurants and other facilities. This paper examines the role memorial sites played, the current state of memorial sites as a whole, the state of the natural heritage, the state of the cultural heritage, the state of buildings and infrastructure and the present possibilities for tourism development. Memorial sites from Croatia included in the analysis are: Jasenovac, Podgariš, Kalnik, Petrova Gora, Kumrovec, Brezovica, Korenica, Matiš Poljana etc. Memorial sites located in Bosnia and Herzegovina and included in the analysis are: Sutjeska, Kozara, Jablanica, Makljen, Sanski Most, Konjuh Planina, Drvar etc. Taking into consideration that planned memorial sites from the Second World War lost their political significance, the conclusion summarizes the state of memorial sites by site, country and the potential for tourism development.
Key words: memorial sites, Second World War, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, cultural and natural heritage, tourism
CONVERSION OF FORMER INDUSTRIAL PORTS INTO TOURIST ATTRACTIONS. HAS INTEGRATION BEEN ACHIEVED?
Daniel Barrera-Fernandez, Marco Antonio Hernandez-Escampa
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.142
UDC: 338.48:627.099(460)
Abstract:The transformation of redundant port facilities has become a priority in many cities willing to attract a larger number of tourists. From Baltimore‟s successful initiative to Barcelona‟s dissemination of the model in Europe, one city after another have implemented the same examples with few variations. The objective of the research is to analyze the renovation of former industrial ports in two medium-size cities: Plymouth and Malaga, focusing on whether the projects have matched the initial objectives to turn the facilities into tourist attractions as well as to integrate them in the city life. The methodological process is based on a comparative analysis of five different issues, namely external accessibility, internal mobility, activities, heritage protection and general integration in the urban context. The research process has ended up in the production of comparative maps. Major differences between both examples can be found in the integration of heritage, both cultural and natural, the consolidation of a mix of uses and the existence of physical barriers between the port and the rest of the city.
Key words: urban tourism, cruise facilities, waterfront, heritage, regeneration
CULTURAL HERITAGE OF THE UNA NATIONAL PARK, UNSEPARABLE PART FROM THE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Ševkija Okerić, Aida Korjenić
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.149
UDC: 338.483.12(497.6NP Una)
Abstract: Total area of the National Park ''Una'' belongs to the municipalities of Bihaš, Drvar and Bosanski Petrovac. Within these municipalities, the National Park encompasses 26 inhabitated rural areas, some totally and some partially. Inhabitants of these areas have been practicing primary activities so far. The valleys of the upper reaches of the Una, as well as the valley of the Unac, both coming into the area of the Una National Park represent a unique nature unity in Bosnia and Herzegovina, very important for preserving its total natural diversity. The National Park abounds with a rich heritage in a cultural-historical point of view as well. Cultural heritage represents any concept or a thing, natural or artificial, considered being esthetical, historical or spiritual important (ICOM). Inclusion of the cultural heritage goods into the programmers of protected area represents also post-admission obligation of the European Union's members. It means that sustainable development of the Una National Park is unthinkable without inclusion of the cultural heritage goods into the all tourism development plans. However, cultural heritage contributes to attractiveness of a certain touristic destination, and so it is often precondition for the touristic choice. Adjusting to the measures and lifestyle inside a specific category of nature protection is a challenge that these areas will have to face in the coming period. The topic of this paper is the analysis of the transformation of agricultural areas into the touristic ones in the National Park ''Una''.
Keywords: The Una National Park, cultural heritage, tourism, sustainable development
IS CONSERVATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTIES A TOOL FOR TOURISM HOSPITALTY?
N. Gul ASATEKIN
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.163
UDC: 338.483.12:640.4(560)
Abstract:The paper addresses to the perennial question "Is tourism a tool for the conservation of cultural properties?" or, vice versa: "Is conservation of cultural properties a tool for tourism?" Author, for being a conservation architect, asks the question according to the main theme of the conference as "Should architectural conservation activities mainly aim at fulfilling the requirements and expectations of the tourism for sake of touristic hospitality?"Thus, approach to the Congress theme “tourism hospitality” will be from the viewpoint of conservation theories, conservation practice and conservation politics. The paper aims to address the interrelation and/or contradiction between tourism and conservation of cultural and natural heritage. It will use an amalgam of theoretical approaches and basic international documents in relation to the management of tourism and cultural heritage. Interaction and/or contradiction between the tourist and the inhabitant will create the basis to question the term “hospitality”.Arguments and discussions will be exemplified by cases from Turkey and some other European countries. The clues of basic principles pertaining to a balanced interrelation between the two main concepts given above will be given in conclusion.
Keywords: Tourism, Hospitality, cultural property, conservation
A RESEARCH ABOUT REVENUE MANAGEMENT AWARENESS AND APPLICATIONS IN TURKISH HOTEL INDUSTRY
Raif Parlakkaya, Halil Akmeşe, Ersin Arıkan
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.177
UDC: 338.488.2:657.21(560)
Abstract: Fierce competition and changing business context are leading the business enterprises to develop and apply new tools and methods in order to survive or attain growth targets. In this regard revenue management and its application methods are gaining more importance each day. Revenue management, which might be defined as the art of maximizing revenue and profit indirectly by means of selling a service which is subject to time and capacity restrictions in the short run. Major aim of this study is to reveal the awareness level and applications of hotels which might be considered as the major and most institutional players of tourism industry. Relevant headlines such as a short history of revenue management, its components, advantages and disadvantages of revenue management applications, barriers in front of the revenue management process are mentioned within the context of study. In order to state the current situation in Turkey, a reliable sample of hotels (30 hotels of five and four stars) from Ankara, capital city of Turkey, was chosen and these hotels were subjected to a short questionnaire which is designed on previous studies about revenue management. Based on the findings of research it might be claimed that the majority of participants are aware of revenue management and are using various tools with differentiating degrees in order to maximize their revenue or attain their revenue targets.
Keywords: Revenue management, hotel revenue management, revenue management applications, revenue maximization
CLIMATE IMPACT ON ORIGIN AND TOURISM VALORISATION OF TRADITIONAL URBAN ARCHITECTURE IN BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA AND CROATIA
Belmar Begić
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.189
UDC: 338.48:[551.58:911.37](497.6+497.5)
Abstract: Climate stands for one of the important factors of tourism valorisation in a certain area. For the purpose of this paper Köppen climatic classification has been used. In a given area distinguished types of climate include: temperate climate C, continental climate D and alpine climate E. Considering the fact that climate can indirectly impact the geologic structure of certain areas on the Earth's surface by means of insolation and precipitation, building materials for architecture can be various. For example, as main or dominant building material in areas with warm climate types a stone is the most commonly used material, but wood and timber are commonly used in areas with cooler climate types. This research is based on selected urban areas for the each belonging climate type. By using Köppen climatic classification for the GIS mapping of climate subtypes, which are based on long-term climate data, selected urban areas have been chosen. Cities that belong to Csa climate subtype are: Mostar, Split and Dubrovnik, cities under Csb climate subtype include: Livno, Konjic and Rijeka, cities that belong to Cfa subtype include: Bijeljina, Osijek and Vukovar, cities under Cfb subtype include: Sarajevo, Banja Luka and Zagreb, towns that belong to Cfc climate include: Delnice and Slunj, and towns under Dfb climate subtype are: Kupres and Nevesinje. Areas with Dfc and ET climate subtypes include rural settlements and unpopulated wild areas. Research focuses on architecture from the six most significant historical periods: Antique, Byzantine, Medieval, Venetian, Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian. Based on all the characteristics described before, the conclusion implicates that climate factors have significant impact on the architectural styles, and generally on the urban environment which is the tourism valorisation object.
Key words: climate types, architecture, GIS, tourism, valorisation, Bosnia&Herzegovina, Croatia
THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIFIC FORMS OF TOURISM IN MOSTAR AND WEST HERZEGOVINIAN TOURIST-GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS
Aida Bidžan, Haris Gekić
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.201
UDC: 338.48-1/-6(497.6 Mostar)
Abstract: Mostar and West Herzegovinian tourist-geographical regions are rich in natural and anthropogenic tourist potentials, where specific forms of tourism can be developed, such as: mountain, hunting, rural, excursion-recreational, adventure, recreational/sports, fishing, speleological, ecotourism, religious, cultural manifestation, business, convention and transit tourism. This paper will present the main natural and geographical and socio-geographical characteristics of tourist-geographical regions, as well as the possibility of their valorisation for the development of tourism in them. Moreover, it will present the tourist trade and accommodation capacities of these tourist and geographic regions. In this paper, the following methods will be applied: statistical, valorisation, descriptive, cartographic, etc.
Key words: Mostar, West Herzegovina, tourist-geographical region, tourism development
THE EFFECT OF HOTELS' TRAINING ON OVERNIGHTS, REGIONAL GROWTH AND EMPLOYMENT
Maria Tugores, Elisabeth Valle
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.213
UDC: 338.488.2:[377.354:17.023.36](460)
Abstract: The role of human capital and, more specifically, the role of on the job training, has been widely analysed in the economic literature. Moreover, in the field of hospitality and tourism some studies focus on the relationship between training and hotel performance. This paper goes beyond this goal. It analyses the role of training on the hotel occupancy but, furthermore, it measures the impact of this human capital investment on the growth of a region, measured in terms of production, added value and employment. It combines both, microeconomic data from a database of two hundred hotels and the macro perspective of the Balearic Input-Output table, allowing measurement of the positive externalities that human capital investment in the hotel sector generates through the rest of the economy. Results show a positive and significant impact on potential growth and employment that goes beyond the strictly tourism-related sectors. In terms of policy recommendations, this work gives meaning to the promotion of public policies encouraging training practices at hotel level.
Key words: human capital, on-the-job training, hotel occupancy, tourism impact, regional growth
EVALUATION OF URBAN ESTHETICS FROM THE ASPECT OF TOURISM: THE BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA EXAMPLE
Tülay Polat Üzümcü, Aysun Çelik, Emrah Özkul, Ersin Uğurkan
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.225
UDC: 911.37:338.48(497.6)
Abstract: Cities are dynamic phenomena containing natural, cultural, historical, social and artificial elements including people, and shaped by requirements of daily life. Such elements comprising cities are elements also constituting source for tourism. From the point of tourism, the main component of urban environment is view quality and areas with a high quality of view are also areas which are attractive for touristic activities. Sustainable tourism which is an important industry for economic development purposes is closely related to modernization of cities without impairing their natural or cultural texture and prevention of impairment of urban esthetics which is one of the fundamental attraction elements of tourism. In this study natural and cultural resources shaping the environment and constituting resource for tourism in Bosnia-Herzegovina has been esthetically evaluated and visual tastes have been identified and urban esthetics has been emphasized in terms of tourism. For this purpose, various literature data has been analyzed in the study and experiences and data obtained by direct observation have been evaluated to identify tourism facilities in BosniaHerzegovina.
Keywords: Urban esthetics, Tourism, Bosnia-Herzegovina
INCLUSION OF LOCAL FOODS AT MENUS OF HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS OPERATING IN ADANA AND MERSİN
Oya Yildirim, Oya Berkay Karaca A. Celil Çakici
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.240
UDC: 338.486.3:640.45(560.8)
Abstract: Cuisine culture of a destination has become to be an important element of attraction in tourist travels, especially in recent years. Local foods provide significant advantages for the region in destination marketing activities. Consequently, it is thought to be important for the companies to include local foods in their menus. For this reason, in this research it is aimed to evaluate if hotels and restaurants operating in Adana and Mersin has given local foods a place in their menus. As part of this aim, we had conducted semi-structured interviews with the managers of 82 businesses in total in March 2015. It is ascertained that a considerable number of businesses (%81,7) included local foods in their menus, the mean was calculated as %50. Besides, it was found that the most common meat dishes were; Adana kebab, grilled meatballs, liver kebab, steak tartar a-la-turca, stuffed meatballs, the soups were: thimble, tarhana, analıkızlı, ekĢili köfte. Another outcome was that indigenous drinks such as haĢlama and kaynar were rarely included in the menus. The research ends with the suggestion that the ratio of local foods in menus should be increased.
Key words: Local foods, hotels, restaurants, Adana and Mersin.
CHANGING TOURISM MARKETING STRATEGY OF TURKEY FOR THE LAST 10 YEARS
A. Nurdan Tümbek Tekeoglu
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.257
UDC: 338.486.3:007.2(560)”451.10”
Abstract: Tourism is one of the main income resources of Turkey and it increased to 34 billion 305 million 904 thousand USD in 2014 compared with 2013. It means 6,2 percent increase compared with 2013's figures. The increasing number of luxurous and modern hotels, the restoration and renovation of churchs and their opening to worship, increasing number of international conferences and meetings, the export of Turkish serials to many countries all over the world,the developing facilities of internet for booking, increasing numbers of tourism blogs and web sites, the special interest and strong communication of the government and other institutions to other regions like Middle East and Africa, increasing number of marinas, strong advertising and PR campaigns of Turkish Airlines and the government, the promotion of new destinations in Turkey, many marinas,attracting gastronomy possibilities are only few factors of the changing marketing strategy of Turkey.This paper is explaining the new strategic approachs to tourism and its results in the last 10 years.
Key words: Tourism, Tourism in Turkey, marketing strategy
EVALUATION OF FACTOR OF HOSPITALITY IN SARAJEVO TOURISM DESTINATION
Lejla Žunić
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.263
UDC: 338.48:656.075(497.6 Sarajevo)
Abstract: Hospitality, as a cultural receptional factor, has a great importance for a tourism planning and tourism & geographical destination development. Research problem considers an analysis and evaluation of hospitality in Sarajevo tourism destination. The aim of this article is to research the basic parameters/ indicators of hospitality in order to understand their value. Parameters of hospitality are: qualifications, affability and English language skills. The basic methodology will include collecting data for statistical analysis and survey research that will be used to assess opinions of tourists, tourism managers and tourism employees.
Key words: Sarajevo tourism destination, hospitality, tourism, qualifications, affability, English language skills, tourism planning, tourism & geographical development.
THE IMPACT OF TYPICAL RECOVERY PRACTICE USED IN OVERSOLD ROOM ON TURKISH GUESTS
Vedat İyitoğlu, G. Nilüfer Tetik
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.281
UDC: 338.488.2:640.412(560)
Abstract: A significant number of accommodation companies overbook in order to maximize their revenue especially during the peak periods. However, overbooking is a risky activity that may bring companies face to face with the problem of overselling rooms. In such a situation of overselling rooms, hotels usually transfer their guests to other hotels having similar quality as a typical recovery practice. In this study, it is aimed to explore the possible impacts of this practice on Turkish guests' satisfactions and revisit intentions. The data of the study was collected through a scenario-based questionnaire in Mersin in the period of May-June, 2014. By using snowball and convenience sampling methods, the researchers reached 116 valid questionnaires in total. As a result of the study, it was understood that the typical recovery practice had a tragic impact on Turkish guests. The results especially indicated that the participants' revisit intentions were relatively much more affected, causing very few of them to revisit intentions. On the other hand, less experience and younger participants were found to react in a statistically more positive manner to such transfer activities. Depending on the findings it is suggested that the hotels‘ managers who have guests mostly from the Turkish market be more careful about overbooking practice. Additionally, if such transfers are inevitable, they are recommended to start with the youngest guests who have least experiences of vacation.
Key words: Overbooking, Oversold, Guest Satisfaction, Revisit Intention, Turkish Guests, Hotels
IS EMPLOYER BRANDING A CHALLENGE FOR HIGH-CONTACT SERVICE INDUSTRIES? INSIGHTS FROM THE HOSPITALITY SECTOR IN POLAND
Marlena A. Bednarska, Marcin Olszewski
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.293
UDC: 338.48:640.4(475)
Abstract: High-contact service industries involve close and direct customer-employee interaction for a prolonged period; consequently they rely on the knowledge, skills and abilities of their staff. Growing recognition of the significance of this interaction for service organisations‘ performance has led to the need to increase efforts to attract and retain high-quality human recourses. Effectiveness of these efforts can be supported by applying employer branding practices. To develop a sound employer value proposition, company needs to examine internal employer brand image first. The purpose of the paper is twofold: first, to identify the hospitality industry‘s strengths and weaknesses in the context of employer branding, second, to investigate the differential effects of selected factors on perceived industry attractiveness as a workplace. The research was conducted on the group of 331 hospitality workers in Poland. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires. The study revealed that the best perceived employer brand dimension was social value, the worst – economic value. There was a significant negative association between the willingness to recommend the sector as an employer to others and all of the employer brand dimensions under investigation, with job content yielding the strongest relationship. The analysis further showed that perceptions of rewards received in the workplace were higher for men, selfemployed or having indefinite contracts, occupying managerial positions, and working in micro entities and in accommodation services. Results of the investigation prove that it is a challenging task to position hospitality firms in the minds of potential employees as a great place to work. Organisations that try to attract human recourses by presenting an overly positive picture of their employment experience are likely to encourage unrealistic expectations in newcomers with subsequent disappointment and decreased job performance.
Key words: employer branding, hospitality industry, employees, Poland
EVALUATION OF MEDICAL TOURISM IN PUBLIC HOSPITAL SERVICES
İrfan Özcan, Emine Erdur, Metin Ateş, Ertuğrul Tarcan
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.303
UDC: 338.48:615.8(560)
Abstract: Evaluating the services of public hospitals in medical tourism in our country, to create data structures to improve. The research is descriptive and field research. The questionnaire was used as data collection tool. The population of the research was public hospitals in Ġstanbul. It has yet to determine the sample. All were included in the study of the universe. Surveys have been applied to the hospital executives face to face. Serving a total of 62 public hospitals in Istanbul has reached 60 from the administrator. Data were analyzed by SPSS software package was used. Demographic information obtained as a result of the implementation of the survey percentage (%) and number of people (n) taking statements have been prepared. In the analysis of data obtained from the survey; frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation, chi-square (χ2) test was conducted as required statistical analysis. According to the research findings; from abroad, especially from June to July and August in the patients (86.7%) were admitted to hospitals and reference is made to themselves (90%) were determined. Patients are often admitted to the eye and obstetric services (40%), the majority (91.7%) of the patients and 46.7% from the Turkish Republic of Germany. If Turkey is found to be effective in the choice of the price with a rate of 96.7%. These results indicate that the desired level yet in the public hospitals of health tourism.It shows that we are more advanced in their health tourists. Foreign patients, especially the Public Hospitals have to choose when they come to Turkey. Choice of hospital activity in patients, beds, staff and a similar number of properties have been found to be no effect. When assessing overseas promotion activities for both types of hospital patients it has been identified where there aren‘t serious efforts. For this purpose, the Internet, magazines, newspapers, brochures or tour operators visit methods were used. In our country, it is necessary to increase the awareness level of the public hospitals in medical tourism. Management and organization structure, together with physical conditions must arrange accordingly. Need to develop promotional activities. For this, they need to do serious work with academics and industry representatives of the relevant ministries.
Key words: health tourism, medical tourism, public hospitals
THE EFFECTS OF TEAM – AND CUSTOMER-MEMBER EXCHANGE ON EMPLOYEE SERVCICE PERFORMANCE IN KOREAN HOTEL RESTAURANTS
Mahn Hee Yoon
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.310
UDC: 338.48:640.43-051(519.5)
Abstract: This study focuses two exchange relationships at service workplace––team-member exchange (TMX), customer-member exchange (CMX)––that customer contact employees may be involved in during a service encounter. This study extends exchange relationships into the service marketing domain by investigating less explored exchanges but ones (CMX, TMX) that service employees typically engage in the service encounter. It also highlights the mediating role of team commitment in team-oriented work environment. Based on social exchange theory and the selfregulation of attitude, this study examines the effects of both exchange variables on an emotional/attitudinal response (team commitment) and behavior (service performance). Data were collected from 468 customer-contact employees across 21 restaurants in seven branches of a prominent hotel chain in South Korea. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate proposed model and test hypotheses. The results showed that both TMX and CMX relationships have significant effect on team commitment, which in turn have positive impact on service performance. Team commitment mediated partially the positive relationships between both exchange variables and service performance. In regards to the direct effects on service performance, team commitment was strong relative to the effect of organizational commitment. Future studies should incorporate customer ratings or immediate supervisors‘ ratings of subordinates to measure the employee service performance. Further, the customer-member exchange scale needs further investigation in other contexts, to insure we have adequately captured it. Service organizations should not limit the employee relationships only to the formal contract or economic exchanges. Service management should scrutinize the critical role of TMX and CMX as perceived by service employees in generating positive job-related attitudes (team commitment) and superior service performance.
Key words: team-member exchange, customer-member exchange, team commitment, service performance, hotel restaurant
MANAGEMENT OF ON-LINE SALES CHANNELS AT HOTELS: CHANNEL MANAGER SYSTEM
Ali Avan, Ahmet Baytok, Özcan Zorlu, Murat Toker
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.319
UDC: 338.486.3(560)
Abstract: Rapid development of technology has caused a dramatic change at marketing and purchase types of products in the last 20 years. This change which is also characterized by the growing rates of internet usage and online sales has affected hotel enterprises like all other business. Especially, intensive usage and accessibility of internet has established a dynamic web based platform where the hotel enterprises can easily market their services in which the consumers can access those services quickly, easily and cheaply. These web-based platforms named as on-line sales channels (OSCs) show an upward trend as an alternative to traditional marketing. However, today OSCs have become comparable for both end-users and channel managers as a result of the growing number of such platforms. And this fact has made the knowledge standardization obligatory in terms of marketing ethics, marketing style and on-line sales agreement. At this point, Channel Manager System (CMS) has become as a way of knowledge standardization for the hotel enterprises. Usage of CMS has made the management of relevant processes easier by enabling fast & easy update of necessary information, pictures, daily activities and prices in hotels. Within this context, this study examines contributions and amenities of CMS in terms of OSCs with an application which is currently used in a thermal hotel.
Key words: On-line sales channels, on-line marketing, Channel Manager System.
PLANNING DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN TUZLA CANTON AS A FACTOR OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF NORTHEAST BOSNIA
Senada Nezirović
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.329
UDC: 338.48:355.4(497.6-18)
Abstract: Tuzla Canton is located in the northeastern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina and is one of the ten administrative and political organizations of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In this work, the area of Tuzla Canton is seen as a destination with an attractive, functional, material and organizational elements. During this process, natural and other cultural tourism values that were partially used in the development of tourism were observed and analyzed. For recognition and identification of the key factors of development and the restrictions of individual tourist destinations SWOT analysis was used, on which basis some priorities, measures, development vision and projects that will contribute to the development of tourism in Tuzla Canton were formulated. On the basis of the results of assessing the situation and development possibilities of Tuzla Canton we can convert comparative advantages into competitive advantages and external threats into development opportunities. After assessing the overall tourism potential, factors that affect the larger economic effects are separated, guidance is given on the development of tourism infrastructure and the optimal use of tourism potential, all the while connecting the narrower destinations and creating the position of Tuzla Canton as a significant tourist destination in the region of northeastern Bosnia.
Key words: Tuzla Canton, planned development, factors of tourist offer, tourism, northeast Bosnia
HEALTH TOURISM IN TURKEY: A STUDY ON PAPER NEWS
Emel İŞTAR
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.341
UDC: 338.48-6:615.8(560)
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to identify how health tourism is approached in Turkey and to analyze the current situation by considering paper news. Health tourism is becoming more important for countries in the economic and social aspects. Turkey is a country with many opportunities on this evolving branch of tourism.At the crossroads between East and West, Turkey is on its way to become the next ―center of attraction‖ for the global health tourism market. In this study, health tourism was approached initially in a conceptual framework. Then, the previous studies regarding health tourism. In the last part, the paper news related to healthh tourism was analyzed through content and textual analysis. The population of the study was composed of the online papers which broadcast their archive. ―Hürriyet which is one of the newspaper with the widest circulation was used as the sample and the news with regard to ―health tourism‖ between July 20, 2014 - July 9, 2015 were examined. The study was conducted on 30 news there was found.
Key words: Tourism, Health Tourism, Turkey
DESTINATION MANAGEMENT COMPANIES (DMCs) IN CROATIA AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE REDUCTION OF SEASONALITY
Maja Donadić
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.352
UDC: 65.012.32:338.48-31/-4(497.5)
Abstract: The tourism and hospitalityindustry faces a problem of seasonality everywhere in the world. Croatia as a tourist destination has a strong seasonality and it is recognized primarily as '' The sun and the sea'' destination. One of the possibilities to reduce the seasonality is a development of new tourism products in the periods out of peak season. An attempt to overcome the seasonality could be development of Destination Management Companies (DMCs), specialized receptive tourism agencies that create and place an offer of complex tourist products or packages, tailored to the needs of tourists, especially during periods out of peak season. This paper reviews these issues by analyzing the level of development of tourism products of Destination Management Companies (DMCs) in Croatia and their possible impact on the reduction of seasonality in Croatia.
Keywords: Destination Management Company (DMC), travel agency, seasonality, Croatia
THE EFFECTS OF E-COMMERCE APPLICATION ON TRAVEL AGENCIES AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE
Cihan Seçilmiş, Burhan Sevim, Barış Yilmaz
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.360
UDC: 338.486.22:[339:655.41](560)
Abstract: E-commerce, which has been a very prominent issue with the help of current developments in information and communication technologies and worldwide prevalence of the internet, has been intensively used considering the benefits for both customers and businesses. Tourism businesses, which demand to be successful in such rapidly changing competitive business environments, attempt to develop e-commerce applications in order that they can compete with their competitors and make use of new opportunities. It is emphasized that despite the various benefits of e-commerce, it might also bring the end of some sectors, which have not developed essential arrangements and infrastructures for this virtual environment. It is estimated that the need for package tours, tour operators and travel agencies will decrease in the future depending on the growing interest in the independent travel, the number of searches that people make on the internet search engines and tendency to act in accordance with the travel programs. The primary aim of this study is to figure out how much travel agencies in EskiĢehir use the e-commerce, the positive and negative effects of e-commerce on travel agencies and how e-commerce is perceived by agency administrators and employees. Besides, this study aims at determining the relationship among the perceptions of these employees and their performance. Within the scope of this research, 61travel agencies operating in EskiĢehir were selected and a survey consisting of close-ended questions applied to these business administrators and employees. The results revealed that almost all travel businesses have a web site, and the most important reason why they use the internet is easy accessibility and getting new customers. Employees think that use of e-commerce will not have any negative effect on the future of their businesses. According to results of correlation analysis, there was significant relationship found between employees‘ perceptions about the effects of e-commerce use on businesses and their performance in which they are employed.
Key words:E-commerce, travel agencies, employee performance
CITY BREAK TOURISM IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA – CASE STUDY OF SARAJEVO AND MOSTAR
Alma Pobrić, Amra Banda, Amina Sivac
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.370
UDC: 338.48-44(497.6 Sarajevo/Mostar)
Abstract:Urban tourism in general with multi-functional nature has a long tradition. Culture and its heritage is confirmed as one ofthe most important motivation for city trips. A large number of tourists are usually attracted by historic city centres. Elements such as the welcoming attitude of locals and market trends are becoming more important for tourists. Cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina can offer both culture and an asset of mentioned positive intangible elements.City break travel has become one of the key drivers of the European tourism growth in recent period. Nowdays, city break tourism is a very important part of the tourist market in Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, our knowledge of this important market segment remains relatively poor. Little empirical data specifically relating to city break trips currently exists. In order to set the context for the research, this paper first defines city break tourism and analyzes its main characteristics in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A case study approach is used, with the tourist offers in Sarajevo and Mostar being the main focus of the research. As a research framework, comparisons between the mentioned cities and a suggestion for the city break itinerary will be given.
Key words:city break tourism, tourist trends, travel patterns, tourism destinations, Sarajevo, Mostar
AN APPROACH TO CULINARY TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY
Alev Dündar
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.377
UDC: 338.48-6:641(560)
Abstract: Cuisine and foodways play a vital role as part of the living culture of each destination, attracting masses of cultural travelers. Mediterranean countries like Italy, Greece and Turkey as well as several Asian countries like Thailand and Korea are considered prominent culinary tourism destinations.Culinary tourism is considered to be a new niche that is a precious tool to contribute to economic, community, social and intercultural development. Culinary tourism helps to build and sustain regional and local identities, may enhance the local agricultural resources as well as food and beverage supplies. At the same time it provides opportunities to create new tourism products and experiences. Many studies also have shown that culinary has a great impact on travelers‘ decisions when choosing their vacation destination. Therefore, unique cuisines not only build popular travel destinations but also improve the culinary cultural image of a country, which makes the culinary culture a major attraction within the travel destination.Sports, health, cultural, religious and culinary tourism are also the new emerging tourism products in Turkey. As a synthesis of east and west, the culture of Turkey is reflected very much in its culinary tradition. Turkey‘s traditional cuisine has had a double identity, by which the tastes of east and the traditions of west create a pleasant mix and experience. Turkish cuisine picks up everything which is worth taking from different cultures and cuisines and adds to the local styles of cuisine that makes the experience unique for visitors. The traditional flavours and ingredients have been playing an important role in the Turkish culinary heritage for centuries. In this paper the relationship of the culinary heritage with the tourism development in terms of sustainability is discussed. Suggestions are made for possible implications for marketing, promotion and development of culinary tourism in Turkey.
Key words: Culinary Heritage, Culinary Tourism, Destination Development, Turkey.
REVITALISING COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM – CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS
Nor Haniza Mohamad, Zainab Khalifah
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.387
UDC: 338.481.2(595)
Abstract: Community-based tourism projects are often criticised for its high rate of failure but some are very successful. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the Critical Success Factors (CSF) of a community-based tourism (CBT) project from the perspective of local community. This study used a qualitative approach through a single case to investigate a CBT project in BatuPuteh, Kinabatangan in the state of Sabah. Five fieldwork trips were made to collect data between the years 2010 to 2012. Multiple instruments were used to collect data; in-depth interview (main research instrument), and direct observation and document analysis (supporting instruments). 54 respondents that were/are employed by MESCOT on a full-time and part-time basis were identified through nonprobability purposive sampling technique and subsequently interviewed. Recorded interviews were transcribed and then analysed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed that there are prominent CSF attributable to the success of CBT at the study site; iconic natural resources, external initiator, systematic planning, local champion, community participation, local CBT organization, gestation period, partnership with external agencies, and business model. Partnerships between CBT and government or non-government agencies are crucial throughout the lifecycle of CBT. Equally important, this study shows that CSFs are presentable in temporal form; each factor exists / occurs at a particular stage of the development path of CBT. However, a few critical factors are ubiquitous throughout the different stages of the product life cycle. Although the case study referred to a single CBT organization in Malaysia, the findings substantiate that an effective model for CBT is achievable, replicable and applicable to other places with similar enabling environments.
Key words: community-based tourism, critical success factors, iconic natural resources, external initiator, systematic planning, local champion, community participation, local CBT organization, gestation period, partnership with external agencies, and business model
EVALUATION OF TOURISM POTENTIAL IN DOGANKENT DISTRICT IN GIRESUN
Işık Sezen, Emine Patan
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.400
UDC: 338.48-1/-6(560.6)
Abstract: Tourism is defined to be the combination of events and relationships resulting from the travels and accommodation for temporary human activities lasting from at least two days to two years with the aims of performing activities like work, recreation, entertainment, experiencing different cultures and living styles and sport. There is absolutely a significant relationship between tourism and natural-cultural source values. Tourism can gain a shape in an area depending largely on natural and cultural source values there. Turkey has multi-form and colored landscape diversity changing from city to city and region to region due to its natural characteristics like vegetation cover, climate, topography and soil structure and its cultural richness caused by the factors such as traditions and customs, folkloric and settlement features. Color and form offered by the landscape in Blacksea region change into different colors and forms in East Anatolia and Aegean regions. Such diversity in landscape can offer possibility for also tourism. In the present study, the district of Doğankent in the province of Giresun located in Blacksea region is evaluated. In the scope of the study, surveys were conducted in study area between 2011 and 2014 and natural and cultural values tried to be evaluated. It was determined according to the field surveys on natural and cultural reserves of Doğankent that the area may offer important opportunities for culture, gastronomy, flora, winter, nature and 3 plateau tourism and should be evaluated for these tourism types.
Key words: Tourism, Doğankent, Giresun, East Blacksea Region, Turkey
ABSENCE OF RATE PARITY AND ITS CONSEQUENCES IN HOTEL INDUSTRY
Naci Polat
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.410
UDC: 338.488.2:654.03(560)
Abstract: Rate parity is one of the most important questions of hotel industry in different countries. It is described as a strategy which offers same rate with same conditions for a certain room category in all sales channels at the same time. In this study, positive and negative characteristics of rate parity will be explored. Before this process, marketing instruments and general characteristics of marketing will be underlined. Especially, price policy has an important position in marketing mix. Price strategies such as high price strategy, low price strategy and market price strategies will be examined where price differentiation has a crucial role. Price policy targets are consisted of financial, volume and customer objectives and rate parity can be found within the rate stability under customer objectives. Shortly, rate stability consists of sum of rate unity, rate transparency and rate parity. Here, the absence of rate parity is questioned and described which is the main discussion topics of hotel industry with qualitative methods. As a result, pros and cons of rate parity will be put in order with the findings of this study and recommendations will be made for the hotel sector. Rate parity will be more understandable for young researchers in order to increase their interest about this special topic.
Key words: Marketing Instruments, Price strategies, Rate parity, Hotels
THE TREATMENT IS WITHIN THE DISEASE: TOURISM PARADOX, TOURISM EQUINOX AND TOURISM DETOX
Irfan Arikan, Ilker Ünsever
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.418
UDC: 338.48-6:615.8(560)
Abstract: Having the tourism industry as the only development model for a country with its natural and cultural resources could not only destroy the social life but also the tourism industry itself. Although the equation ―more tourists=more tourism income‖ is so simple, it is not a sustainable approach for the development plans of the destinations. This process leads to overuse of natural and cultural attractions and places pressures on tourism earnings. Tourism paradox is the name of this concept. Tourism paradox is the name given to this phenomenon where tourism industry destroys natural and cultural environment that is necessary for tourism activities. The growth of tourism cannot be always considered as having a positive impact for destinations. The balance, which does not change and disturbs the social and economic relations at the destination is called ―tourism equinox‖. New projects and approaches to solve the problems caused by the growth of urban populations and establish healthy sustainable tourism destinations are becoming more important than ever. Tourism detox is a treatment that is intended to remove harmful substances from the destination. Detox is a radical decision and it is not an easy process. Therefore, spatial reorganization and urban regeneration play a crucial role for the marketing of destinations and this transformation action affects all infrastructure facilities, restorations of old buildings, reorganization of historical zones, and revitalizing the architectural style of the destinations. This paper investigates the influence of tourism paradox and equinox on destinations in relation to tourism activities and the protection of natural and cultural resources with the help of tourism detox. It primarily relies on qualitative research to understand the main futures of tourism paradox, equinox and detox taking the negative impacts of tourism into consideration. As research methodology a literature review and the sources of secondary data were used.
Keywords: Tourism Paradox, Tourism Equinox, Tourism Detox, Tourism Development, Sustainability
IMPACT OF ONLINE TRAVEL AGENCIES ON HOTEL BUSINESS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Lejla Ahmić, Almir Peštek, Lejla Turulja
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.426
UDC: 338.486.22/.3(497.6)
Abstract: New online trends have been changing the global tourism market, making it highly competitive and complex, and therefore hotels are faced with many challenges in doing their business and attracting guests. Online travel agencies (OTA) as intermediaries on the tourism market have a huge impact on operations of hotels worldwide. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of OTAs on hotel business in Bosnia and Herzegovina. An online study was conducted on a sample of 58 hotels (out of 100 planned to be involved) in November 2014. A structured questionnaire based on studies of Caliskan et al. (2013) and Sisko (2013) was used. The results of the study show that the hotels in Bosnia and Herzegovina have adapted to global tourism trends and cooperate with OTAs, especially with Booking.com and Expedia.com. Most hotels simultaneously cooperate with more than one OTA. Although the costs of cooperation with OTAs were considered to be high, they generate most of bookings for the hotels. Therefore, OTAs are recognized as generators of sales and revenues from standard hotel services and creators of their competitive position. At the same time, cooperation with OTAs does not lead to a significant decrease of costs.
Key words: hotels, online travel agencies, Bosnia and Herzegovina
INVESTIGATION OF ALTRUISTIC VALUE PERCEPTION OF TOURISTS THAT IMPACT ON THE PRO - ENVIRONMENT BEHAVIOR
Öznur Bozkurt, Murat Göral, Funda Kul
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.433
UDC: 338.48-052:[17.035.1:502](560)
Abstract: Environmental protection and efficient use of environmental resources is made possible by the efforts of state or other institutions to show.But take it to individual and connect to the efforts of people living in the community is also important that they show an individual.Especially environmental protection service industry in the tourism sector, which is of particular importance.One the one hand while taking advantage of the holiday in nature green act must take care to protect the environment for other generations.Altruistic values (altruism) should have to exhibit the behavior of individuals to be effective in protecting the environment were examined in this study.Pro-environmental behavior was observed that the positive effects of altruistic values. As well as to active movement within environmental behavior and have exhibited their low trend in terms of research participants take part in any organizations support. More effort is spent on an individual basis.
Key words: Altruism, Green Consumer Behaviour, Green Activistic Behaviour, Green Citizenship Behaviour,Pro- Environmental Behavior, Tourism
A RESEARCH UPON THE SUSTAINABLE NATURE-BASED TOURISM: CASE OF WESTERN BLACK SEA REGION OF TURKEY
Mehmet Keskin, Orhan Akova
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.445
UDC: 338.484:502.131.1(560.6)
Abstract: Natural and cultural assets are among the most important resources that generate the tourism supply. Tourism trends are changing rapidly from mass tourism to alternative tourism and in recent years there have been significant initiatives concerning sustainable and environmentally sensitive tourism in Turkey. The Western Black Sea Region has a great potantial for nature-based tourism with its biodiversity, unspoiled nature, lakes, waterfalls, National Parks and Protected Areas. National Parks, Nature Parks, Natural Areas are under the responsibility of the Ministry of Water Affairs and Forestry in Turkey. Many types of tourism and activities such as ecotourism, nature tourism, hunting, trekking are carried out under the control of the General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks.The aim of this study is to evaluate the strategy of General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks for sustainable nature-based tourism and to reveal sustainable nature-based tourism strategy for the Western Black Sea Region. For this purpose, "Master Plan of Nature-Based Tourism of Sinop " examined by document analysis method which was prepared by 10th Regional Directorate for the Province of Sinop. And also In-depth interviews conducted with the 10.th Regional Director of Forestry about their activities and strategies about sustaniable nature-based tourism. Findings show that Forestry has many activities and practices sush as ―Enhancing Forest Protected Areas Management System‖,and ―DisabledFriendly Accessible National Park Project‖.
Keywords: Sustainable tourism, Nature-based tourism, General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks, Western Black Sea Region
THE APPLICATION OF GIS IN TOURISM PLANNING AND SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Alma Pobrić, Amina Sivac
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.456
UDC: 338.484:502.131.1(497.6)
Abstract: Tourism planning is a complex process that includes the involvement of a number of factors during the process of decision-making. Taking into account that any rational planning of tourism should be in line with the principles of sustainable development, which means to preserve the physical and social-geographical attributes of a destination, but at the same time striking a balance with the interests of the local communities, private and public sectors, the use of geographic information systems (GIS) has become an imperative in the process. Tourism is an activity which depends on natural resources, but is also a phenomenon which can have a destructive effect on the natural geographic environment in case of an inadequate access to its planning and development. In addition, during the daily management and operations of tourist facilities, a large number of tourists are a big consumer of energy and water and at the same time produce a significant amount of solid waste, hazardous gases and waste water. These negative impacts of tourism can be prevented or reduced by the application of certain GIS technology in order to achieve sustainable tourism development. This papers main objective is to explore the potential of GIS application in a process of tourism planning and its sustainable development, for the purpose of long-term survival of the tourism destination.
Keywords: GIS, tourism, tourism planning, sustainable development
THE POTENTIALS FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF BUGOJNO BASED ON THE HILLARY DU CROS METHOD OF VALORIZATION
Dario Šakić, Miranda Čaveliš
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.463
UDC: 338.482(497.6 Bugojno)
Abstract: To properly plan for tourism development of great significance is existence of cultural, historical and natural heritage potentials in a certain area. That potential can be evaluated from several aspects. One of the aspects is the topic of this work: a tourist-geographical evaluation of the cultural - historical and natural heritage. This paper is therefore to analyze the potential of Bugojno for tourism development. A total of 30 cultural and natural potential attractions are analyzed. The aim of this paper is to point out the resources of Bugojno, applying the method of tourist valorization of natural and cultural resources by model Hilary du Cross. This method will identify the values of market attractiveness indicators, factors of importance when designing tourism products, cultural/natural importance and robustness of the site for tourism development. In terms of tourist valorization of a geographic area or destination, it is necessary to determine the elements of the natural, historical and cultural heritage. It is necessary to isolate the historical events and personalities associated with certain periods as well as properly review and know the current situation, with all the negatives, strengths and opportunities that this area offers. The results indicate that, in the long term, tourism can be an important economic sector in the region.
Keywords: Tourism potential, valorization, Hilary du Cros, Bugojno
SUSTAINABILITY METRICS: MEASURING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FOR TOURISM
Elma Šatrović, Ensar Šehić
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.474
UDC: 338.484:502.131.1
Abstract: Sustainable tourism is defined as tourism that improves the quality of life of the host community, providesa high quality of experience for the visitors and maintains the quality of the environment on which both the host community and the visitor depend. In order to measure sustainability in tourism researchers use set of subjective and objective indicators. However, the analysis conducted in this paper shows both types of indicators have some weaknesses, so there is a need to use other measurement tools. As far as we know, there have been no studies of the three most commonly used sustainability measurement tools (AIChEBRIDGESworks Metrics, GEMI Metrics NavigatorTM and IChemE Sustainability Metrics) in tourism. Our study is the first one to deal with these measurement tools. The aim of this paper is to describe most commonly used sustainability measurement tools; their special requirements for tourism and to answer the question how tourism contributes to sustainable development. Analysis shows that tourism contributes to sustainable development primarily through community-driven tourism development; minimization of negative social and cultural impacts; optimization of economic benefits; protection of physical and man-made resources, ethics, policy, standards; visitor satisfaction, maintaining destination attractiveness, use of proper tools and full community participation. Methodology that is used is comparative analysis of three most common sustainability measurement tools. Results obtained by comparative analysis indicate thatAIChEBRIDGESworks Metrics, GEMI Metrics NavigatorTM and IChemE Sustainability Metrics have some common requirements for different businesses. However, requirements for tourism are very strict since it is considered as non-community based business, short-term planning, no protection of natural and human resources, huge economic benefits provider and business that has non-ethnical attitude towards environment. Conclusion states that taking into consideration the weaknesses of all analyzed tools, there is a need for further development of sustainability measurement tools in tourism.
Keywords: conventional tourism, sustainable development, sustainability measurement tools, sustainable tourism, Triple Bottom Line.
CHANGES IN PATTERN OF SECOND HOME DEVELOPMENT IN COUNTRIES ARISING FROM SOCIALIST FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIA
Vuk Tvrtko Opačić, Miha Koderman
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.484
UDC: 338.48(497.1)(497.4+497.5)”451.50”
Abstract: Intense construction of second homes in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (hereafter referred as ex-Yugoslavia) started in 1960‘s. Acquisition of second homes was affordable for wide range of ex-Yugoslav citizen population due to low prices of land and real estate, as well as favourable loan conditions from state owned banks. Motivation for ownership was different – spending family holidays, which was more affordable in comparison to hotel accommodation, and investment in real estates in period of unstable ex-Yugoslav economy, represented by high inflation rates and variable currency. Predominant type of second home units was family vacation house, usually built in self-managed construction. In the moment of disintegration of common state in (and after) the year 1991, countries were at considerably different stage of development. Wars that followed even deepened the national and regional differences, which can be observed also in different second home development in new independent states. Due to private building entrepreneurship, most popular second home areas were faced with a new type of secondary residences – multi-apartment recreational buildings, often used as commercialized accommodation capacities. In the same time, prices of second homes have increased; therefore they became a privilege only for higher class. We can conclude that second home development pattern in exYugoslav countries in the last 50 years has changed from affordable to exclusive phenomenon. From the mentioned context, the main goal of the paper arises: to compare the pattern of second home development in ex-Yugoslavia countries before and after the fall of common state. Apart from literature overview, interpretation of official available census data (1971-2011) on the national level will be given. Special emphasis on changing socio-economical context of the second home development in Croatia and Slovenia will be presented.
Keywords: second home tourism, SFR Yugoslavia, development pattern, Croatia, Slovenia
THE IMPACT OF CHEFS’ NATIONAL CUISINE PERCEPTIONS ON THEIR INTENTION TO PURCHASE LOCAL FOOD
Bahattin Ozdemir, Ayla Aydin, Osman Caliskan, Gokhan Yilmaz
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.495
UDC: 338.486.3:640.45-051(560)
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to understand the role of chefs‘ perceptions of national cuisine in their intention to purchase local food. Data were collected through a survey instrument which includes individual scales for chefs‘ perceptions of national cuisine and their intentions to buy local food. 106 questionnaires were distributed to chefs attending to activities held by Turkish Chefs Federation in Antalya ANFAS Fairground between 26 and 28 February 2015. Within a convenient sampling method, 74 questionnaires were returned and 67 of these were included into the subsequent analyses. Following the reliability and validity analysis of the scales, the results showed that chefs perceived national cuisine in three domains as cost, labor and popularity, and the findings of regression analysis indicated that the cost dimension of national cuisine perception influenced chefs‘ intention to purchase local food.
Keywords: Local Food, National Cuisine, Chefs‘ Perceptions, Purchasing Local Food, Turkey
REGIONAL AND LOCAL HAZARDS IN TOURISM – CASE STUDY OF MINEFIELDS IN THE PROTECTED AREAS OF CANTON OF SARAJEVO
Ranko Mirić, Nusret Drešković, Edin Hrelja, Boris Avdić
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.509
UDC: 338.484:623.36(497.6KS)
Abstract: Research of hazards and risk in tourism is one of important segments in the concept of management and planning in destination development. In the concept of long-term strategy of economic development, Bosnia and Herzegovina has set its tourist industry goals very high. It is recognized as the strategic branch of economy, which should increase competitiveness, foreignexchange influx, tourist traffic and employment rate. One of the basic preconditions of achievement of these goals is the process of formation of protected areas, by which territorial share Bosnia and Herzegovina is placed very low on the list of European nations. Accordingly, this paper represents the research of protected areas development concepts in Canton of Sarajevo, and of problems with theirs establishment, with the special focus on hazards like minefields and unexploded ordnance (UXO). Although it has passed 20 years since the end of the war, Bosnia and Herzegovina is not safe country regarding this issue (current suspected area is 1.176,5 km2 or 2,3% of total land), while the situation in Canton of Sarajevo is even more concerning (suspected area is 80,78 km2 or 6,3% of total land). Hazards and risks related to minefields and UXO represent very significant limiting factor in the process of establishment of new protected areas, which are planned by legal documents on the Cantonal and Federal level. This is especially emphasized through high concentration of mine suspected areas in the southern regions of Canton of Sarajevo, where are located mountains like Igman, Bjelašnica, Visoţica, Treskavica, as well as Rakitnica canyon. These locations are among the most valuable tourist attractions in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Key words: Bosnia and Herzegovina, minefield, hazard, Canton of Sarajevo, protected area
DETERMINATION OF TOURISM ACTIVITIES OF THE WORLD’S BEST TOURISM DESTINATIONS WITH MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING METHOD
Oğuzhan İlban, Mehmet Kaşli, Hasan Hüseyin Yildirim
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.521
UDC: 338.482:303.4(100)
Abstract: In this study, tourism performance of the 15 countries, the most popular tourist destinations of the World, will be analyzed by TOPSIS method. Four factors are determined to measure tourism activities in the countries. These factors are international tourism expenditures, international tourism receipts, international tourism number of arrivals and international tourism number of departures. Then TOPSIS method will be applied to combine the four different factors and convert them into a single performance score. Later, the countries will be ranked and rated. Tourism activities will be used for grading the performance score of the countries. Thus, valuation of tourism activities in the 15 countries will be held for 6 years, between 2009 and 2014, and the obtained results will be compared with th results of international tourism organizations.
Key Words: Tourism Industry, Tourism Activities, Topsis Method
PROPOSALS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE RURAL TOURISM IN VILLAGES OF BOLKAR MOUNTAIN, EXAMPLE OF MADENKÖY
Yusuf Gürçınar
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.539
UDC: 338.48-44(560.1-22 Bolkar)
Abstract: In 1950, 75% of the total population of the country was living in rural areas, whereas this ratio has declined to 8.2% in 2014 due to migration to urban areas. Particularly in the mountain villages, where health, communication and transportation services have not been sufficiently utilized, the inclination to migrate has been continuing at an escalating rate for individuals in the working age, leading to the collapse of socio-cultural and economical structure. In the mountain villages, there is a need for new sustainable fields of business operable within the four seasons of the year that do not require costly investments and an educated workforce; provide business opportunities to local women; contribute to preservation of the socio-cultural structural, natural and cultural heritage;cause no concretion and land consumption. In this study, development of proposals is aimed to conduct rural tourism in Ulukışla-Madenköy, a location possessing the qualities to provide an ideal four seasons accommodation and logistic support to any kind of activity made by the domestic and foreign visitors of Bolkar mountains during their arrivals and departures.As a research method "SWOT" and "Resources and Physical Condition" analysis techniques were used. Studies were mostly conducted through site researches. Proposals were developed for development of Madenköy through implementation of sustainable rural tourism in this area. The results clearly demonstrate that Madenköy possesses the qualities to create a high level demand in four seasons from the viewpoint of the tourists. As a means to sustain the rural tourism activities, "Conservation plan" and ―The rural tourism management and development plan," must be prepared and ―Sustainable carrying capacity of region" must be continuously monitored.
Keywords: Rural Development, Rural Tourism, Sustainable Tourism
INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF THE AGE, GENDER AND YEARS LEARNING ENGLISH ON LEARNING STYLES PREFERENCES
Zahra Naimie, Norasmatul Akma, Rana Ahmed Abuzaid Revatde Nadarajan
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.553
UDC: 338.482:[159.953.5-053/-055:811.11](55)
Abstract: Demographical factors may have an impact on learning and teaching styles across the continents. This study was to explore whether demographical factors namely age, gender and English learning experience are related to the learning style preferences of English Major Students from the foreign languages faculty in Iran. The sample for this study comprised of 310 English Major Students. In this study, quantitative approach was used in the collection of the data .The instruments used in this study included the Index of Learning Styles Inventory by Felder and Soloman (2006) and Oxford (1990). The results of the study revealed that except for Learning Style Pair 2 (LSP2) (Sensing/Intuition), all the other learning styles pairs were not related to demographical factors.
Keywords: Demography, Learning, Age, learning experience
ARE UNIVERSITY EMPLOYEES READY TO BE AN “INTRAPRENEUR”? A NEW PERSPECTIVE OF STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCES FOR UNIVERSITIES
Senem Yazıcı
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.563
UDC: 338.48[378-057.175:331.101.262](560)
Abstract: There are increasing competencies in higher education in Turkey. The universities are in need of implementing new products and services and to find new―creative and innovative‖ ideas to stay in the race. The purpose of this article is to provide insights to the question of whether there are ―Intrepreneurs‖ at universities who are able and skilful to do things out of the box. This research is the first attempt at exploring the ―Intrepreneurship‖ in higher education in Turkey. Corporate Entrepreneurship Assessment Instrument (CEAI) was chosen as the survey instrument for this study. The results have shown the need for training towards internal factors and approaches to strategic human resources. This study has shown the weakest and strongest parts of university towards intrapreneurship dimensions. The results of this research highlight the importance of understanding an intrapreneurship at universities. Academic intrapreneurhip will be the key to the future of the universities where intrapreneurs educate entrepreneurs for the future.
Key words: Intrapreneurship, University, Human Resources, Innovation
DEFINITION, TYPES, SUSTAINABILTY AND RELATION OF TOURISM WITH ENVIRONMENT, LANDSCAPE PLANNING AND RECREATION
Emine Patan, Işık Sezen
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.571
UDC: 338.483.11[712.24:379.845]
Abstract: Tourism can be defined to be the combination of events and relationships resulting from the travels and accommodation for temporary human activities lasting from at least two days to two years such as work, recreation, entertainment and sport. Sustainability is referred to the conservation and transfer of an existing thing to generation next in its present form. Sustainability concept in tourism is the evaluation of the sources used for tourism by considering this approach. Tourism has a very close relationship with the environment we live in by positively or negatively affecting it. In the present study, the concepts of tourism, tourism types and sustainable tourism are evaluated and relationships between tourism and environment, landscape planning and recreation.
Key words: Definition, Sustainabilty, Tourism, Environment, Landscape Planning, Recreation.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPORTS, RECREATION AND ADVENTURE TOURISM IN TOURIST-GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Aida Bidžan, Haris Gekić
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.579
UDC: 338.48-51/-52(497.6)
Abstract: Sports, recreation and adventure tourism are activities that relax tourists and put them away from everyday stress situations, and it all takes place through swimming, hiking, relaxing in nature, altitude residence, paragliding, rock climbing, rafting, cycling tours, golf, tennis, aqua aerobics, volleyball, skiing, etc. Natural and anthropogenic tourist potentials which exist in the BiH tourism and geographic regions are suitable for the development of these specific forms of tourism. Sports events are unavoidable side effects in the development of these forms of tourism. Entertainment - recreational tourist regional offer, in a broader sense, includes an offer that is used to meet all other needs of tourists, participants and organizers of such events. Moreover, sports, recreation and adventure programs, which are implemented as an integral part of tourism offer of the tourist-geographical regions, are certainly renting and using various sports facilities and equipment, schools of various sports skills, sports games, tournaments and contests followed by sports-entertainment attractions, which certainly lead to job creation and employment of professional staff and young population structure. It is necessary to ensure available public space for a part of these activities, then equipped sports and recreational fields or recreational sports equipment and halls for other activities, which also makes room for employment in BiH regions in which it is wanted to develop these specific forms of tourism. The aim of this study is to determine the possibilities for development of sports, recreation and adventure tourism in BiH tourist-geographical regions followed by their diversity and classification with respect to which natural-geographical tourist attractions will be developed. The priorities and problems of their tourist valorisation will be determined, as well as the way they are promoted among both foreign and domestic tourists. In this study, noticable are the following touristgeographical methods: analysis, synthesis, causal methods, classification, tourist valorization, field research and mapping methods.
Key words: sports tourism, entertainment, recreation, potentials
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND GREENING THE ECONOMY IN TRANSITION COUNTRIES IN SE EUROPE: A CASE STUDY OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Melika Arifhodzic
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.593
UDC: 338.484:502.131.1(497.6:4.1-12)
Abstract: In order to become members of EU, countries in transition in SE Europe have been under pressure of introducing measures and laws relating to environmental protection. The urge is getting higher as the natural resources and biodiversities, which are amongst the highest in level in the continent, are under constant threat due to improper use or unplanned exploitation. Considering the still existing traces left from the legacy of centrally planned economy and political systems, the paper will question how some models of sustainable development in Europe are applicable in these countries. Through various shifts of social, economic and political indicators the paper will analyze their influences in relation to implementation of sustainable development policy as well as activities in connection to green economy introduction. An intensive approach will be employed in case of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the results of various studies and cases from the practice will prove that all these mentioned factors play a key role in planning of sustainable development. The conclusion is that an approach that takes into consideration all named factors, integrating researchbased and practice-based knowledge should be proposed for these countries.
Key words: Environmental protection, Sustainable Development, Transition, Green Economy, SE Europe, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
VERNACULAR REGIONS AS A DETERMINANT FOR DEVELOPMENT OF CREATIVE TOURISM IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Snježana Musa, Željka Šiljković, Azra Čelik
DOI: 10.35666/25662880.2015.1.601
UDC: 338.482:005.591.6(497.6)
Abstract: Creative tourism is an escape from unvaried offer and mass cultural tourism. It is based on direct encounters between ―tourists‖ and ―locals‖ with exchange of authentic experiences. This fact indicates its relationship and reliance on specificity which is manifested by separation of the vernacular region. Creative tourism was recognized as a selective form of tourism twenty years ago, but in this area it has just begun. An important role for a good plan of tourism developing in certain tourist destination, especially for the problem of seasonality, plays the valorisation of the cultural and historic heritage. Since the intangible heritage is the base of creative tourism, the customs, beliefs, games, gastronomy, embroidery, dance, crafts and other skills are the key elements of modern tourism demand. There is no mass tourism or selective tourism offer in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Creative tourism could be developed and based on the distinctive vernacular regions. Separating the vernacular regions is an important issue which will be discussed about by the authors in this paper at the level of only recognition, by using the survey method. Based on the results, this paper will present the determinants and potentials for the development of creative tourism. Problem on the way of development is the need of recognizing that potential by the local community, making a strategic plan, but also building the awareness of local people about the potential and possibilities of valorisation of the same in terms of tourism offer. It is necessary to educate the local population for the purpose of this type of tourism.
Key words: creative tourism, intangible heritage, vernacular region B&H, education